英语的非谓语

Question

我们老师说非谓语可以是主语，宾语，宾补，表语，定语，状语，他重点讲了不定式to do。
例如I want to drink some water 中的to……是做宾语。
不过宾补，定语，状语有点难区分，有什么具体的方法可以区分这些非谓语，请高手指教啊

Answer 1

非谓语动词
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词( ing ），动词不定式
1. 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语 Studying English is my favorite.
2. 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible.
It's too difficult for him to master .
3. 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
4. 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用
Our coming made him happy. （coming 起名词作用）
There are two big swimming pools here. (swimming 起形容词作用）
5. 非谓语动词在句中可以作主、表、定、宾、宾补（复合宾语）、状
指出非谓语动词在句中的作用：
1. China is a developing country.
2. Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 3. Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.

1.Ing 形式可以作：主语、宾语、复合宾语、 表语、定语、状语
主语
1.Climbing mountain is a good exercise.
2.Swimming in the swimming pool
Playing tennis with my friends
Growing flowers in the garden
1．It is good for health climbing mountain. playing tennis…growing flowers…
It作形式主语
2. 表语：
1.Seeing is believing.
2.My job is teaching.
3.The best exercise in summer is swimming.
3. 宾语
以下动词只接ing 形式
enjoy , finish, complete, practise, suggest, miss(错过 ） prevent , give up, can’t help (情不自禁） , put off (推迟), get through (完成）, consider (认为), imagine (想象) , mind (介意）
2. 表语：
1.Seeing is believing.
2.My job is teaching.
3.The best exercise in summer is swimming.
3. 宾语
以下动词只接ing 形式
enjoy , finish, complete, practise, suggest, miss(错过 ） prevent , give up, can’t help (情不自禁） , put off (推迟), get through (完成）, consider (认为), imagine (想象) , mind (介意）
Ing 作介词的宾语； 常用的有： be used to, look forward to, devote to (献身于), be fond of , be afraid of , be keen on, prevent… from, insist on, be tired of , be good at, be attention to等
1.I am fond of playing tennis.
2.Are you afraid of doing that?
3.I am tired of doing the same thing.
4.He got fat by eating too much.
5.He was prevented from coming in.
6.He left without saying a word.
作宾语补足语：常用动词：find, see , watch, notice, listen to , keep , hear
1.We find the story very interesting.
2.I found the wallet lying on the ground.
3.I saw him reading in the room.
4.We found the boy sleeping.
作定语：
1.What are you going to do in the coming vacation? (前位修饰）
2.That's an interesting story.
3.如果被修饰的词是由some / any / no/ + thing / body / one 形成的不定代词，或它有自己的宾语或状语，ing 要放在其后
1. Anyone wishing to leave early may do so.
2. There is nothing interesting.
3. Lessons learning easily are soon forgotten.
4. The girl singing for us is ten years old.
分词作状语
1.Being a student, he likes to help others. = As a student, he likes to help others.
2. Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
= If you wear a new pair of glasses, ….
3.Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine. = When I was walking in the street….
4. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = Because he was ill….
5. Seeing his mother ,the baby cried. = When the baby saw his mother, he cried.
2. The girl singing for us is ten years old.定语
3. I heard them singing in the classroom.
4. Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.
5. Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
6. They enjoy watching TV.

动词不定式 ： 主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾补、状语主语:
To do that is easy.
It's easy (for me) to do that.
To hear your voice is so nice.
It's so nice to hear your voice.
常用的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
1.It‘s very kind of you to help us.
2. It was silly of us to believe him.
3.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything
kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
My job is to teach them English.
不定式作宾语： 常用的动词有： hope, wish, like, want, try, ask, plan, decide, start, begin, manage 等
They all want to see the film. We hope to be back home at 6 o’clock.
We decided to walk there. He used to go to school by bus.
不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do. I have a question to ask.
There is not time to lose. Do you have anything to say?
状语
1）目的状语
in order to, so as to, so (such)… as to…
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. I come here only to say good-bye to you.
2）作结果状语.
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.
We are sorry to hear that.
宾补：
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow believe challenge drive find forbid force inform instruct invite know like order permit report send tell think trust understand warn ask
Father will not allow us to play on the street
2. 作感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等的宾语补足语时。
We felt the house shake.
3. 作使役动词make，let，have等的宾语补足语时。
She lets us meet her at the station.
4. help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to.
She helped her mother（to）prepare for Christmas.
5. “Will you please …？”结构中，不定式符号to要省略。
Will you please close the door？ 请你关上门，好吗？
6. “had better（not）…” 不定式符号to要省略。
You had better not talk in class.

Answer 2

非谓语不是语态，是一种动词的用法，由于不做谓语，才叫非谓语

Answer 3

不是的，非谓语动词一般是在句首，用doing或者done表示，有是也应不定式，这就说明了并非状语，宾语中有动词就都可以做非谓语。

Answer 4

非语法用语

Answer 5

英语的非谓语动词形式是一种用来充当除谓语以外其他句子成分的动词形式。也就是说，当使用动词作主语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语、状语等成分时必须用非谓语动词形式。还可以这样理解，要用动词当名词、形容词、副词用时，动词要变成非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式，-ing形式和-ed形式。-ed形式只能作形容词和副词使用，而不定式，和-ing形式都可以作名词、形容词和副词使用。