with 复合结构的句法功能:
1. with 复合结构,在句中表状态或说明背景情况,常做时间、伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
With spring coming on, trees turn green.
春天到了,树变绿了。(时间状语)
With machinary to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.
由于所有的工作由机器进行,他们不久将收割完庄稼。(原因状语)
2. with 复合结构可以做定语。
Anyone with eys in its head can see it's exactlty like a rope.
任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都可以看出它完全像一条绳子。
with 复合结构的常见形式
1、with + 名词 (或代词) + 现在分词
此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语)
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.
在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随状语)
2、with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词
此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我在房间坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板。(伴随状语)
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。(原因状语)
3、with + 名词 (或代词) + 形容词
I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。(伴随状语)
With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.
大气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。(原因状语)
4、with + 名词 (或代词) + 介词短语
With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.
由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。(原因状语)
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。(方式状语)
5、with + 名词 (或代词) + 副词
He fell asleep with the light on.
他睡着了,灯还亮着。(伴随状语)
The boy stood there with his head down.
这个男孩低头站在那儿。(伴随状语)
6、with + 名词 (或代词) + 名词
He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.
他走了,妻子十分伤心。
7 、with + 名词 (或代词) + 动词不定式
此时,不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.
由于没人可以说话的人,约翰感到很悲哀。(原因状语)
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)
扩展资料
With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例
: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
with结构:
既可用作定语,也可用作状语。
常见的“with +复合宾语”结构主要有以下五种形式:
1)with +宾语+动词-ing形式
①With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble in getting to the
station.
由这个男孩带路,我们不难到达了火车站。
②With the wind blowing heavily, we took great trouble to move on to
the front.
由于风刮得很大,我们费力地往前线进发。
2)with +宾语+过去分词(past participle)
①The child was crying with the glasses broken.
眼镜破了,那小孩哭了起来。
②With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch.
所有的工作都做完了,他们匆忙回家吃午饭。
3)with +宾语+不定式
①With a lot of work to do, we had to be busy working day and night.
有这么多的工作要做,我们只得日夜忙碌。
②With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to the
light music.
有许多事要处理,我只好停止收听轻音乐。
4)with +宾语+介词短语
①The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
老师手中拿着一本书走进教室。
②She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both
sides.
她看到一条小河,两岸长满了红花绿草。
5)with +宾语+形容词(或副词)
①Don't sleep with the door and windows open.
不要开着门窗睡觉。
②Tian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.
所有的灯都亮着,天安门广场显得更加漂亮。
【注意】“with +复合宾语”在句中既可以用作状语表示方式或伴随动作,又可以用作定语。例如:
①The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿了一本书走进了教室。
②With a boy leading the way, we had little trouble in finding the
old man's house.
一个男孩带路,我们不难就找到了那位老人的家。
③The teacher with a book in his hand is a new English teacher.
手里拿着一本书的那位老师是一位新来的英语老师。
④The wounded soldier with an old man leading the way got to the
hospital very soon.
由一位老人带路的那个伤员很快就到达了医院。
扩展资料:
双宾语的区分:
(1)从动词上区分。
一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give,show,bring,read,pass,lend,tell,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。例如:
The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮。
They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。
The old man told us a story yesterday.那位老人昨天给我们讲了一个故事。
一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等。例如:
We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。
He didn’t let me go.他不让我走。
They call the bird“Polly”.他们叫这鸟“波利”。
参考资料:宾语复合结构_百度百科
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