不定式短语作宾语补足语

如题所述

不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型:(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语)
一、许多动词可跟一个宾语 + to do…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如:

My boss told me to type out two letters.

分析:句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

They forbade her to leave the country.

Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.

高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,re-quest,require,teach,tell,want,warn等。

二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

I consider him to be the best candidate.

分析:句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

I know him to be a liar.

I suppose him to be away from home.

高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等。
三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

He saw her enter the room.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

She won't let me do it.

I heard her lock the door.

We watched the children play games.

高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。还有两个词组:listen to,look at.

注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如:

A child was seen to enter the building.

She was often heard to sing this song.
四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。例如:

I'll help you(to) push the cart.

分析:句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。

上句的被动语态为:You'll be helped to push the cart.
五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

He shouted to me to come over.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

I depend on you to do it.

I am counting on you to help me through.

高中范围内,适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shout to sb.to do,call on sb. to do,count on sb. to do,depend on sb. to do,wait for sb. to do等。
六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:

He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。

They are believed to have discussed the problem.
七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式:

He is believed to be living in Mexico.

分析:句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。

Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.

He is thought to be hiding in the woods.

间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如:

She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.
八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:

he didn't want her son to be taken away.

分析:句中“She”做主语,“didn't want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。

I'd like this room to be redecorated.

He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.
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第1个回答  2016-04-14

后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, teach, expect, tell, allow等
比如:

    Robert often asks us to help him with his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.

    2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food.

本回答被提问者和网友采纳
第2个回答  2016-04-14
一、动词不定式的用法。
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由to加动词原形构成,在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用,同时也保留动词的一些特征,可以带宾语、状语和宾语补足语等。
二、动词不定式的功能。
1. 作主语。
To think of you makes me old.
It makes me old to think of you.
It would be wrong fr people to marry for money.
It was annoying of James to lose my bike.
To see is not always to believe.
2. 作表语。
My work is to prepare dinner.
Little remains to do.
3. 作动词宾语。有一些动词适合接不定式作宾语。
He likes to play baseball.
I find it difficult to work with him.
She made it a rule to get up at five.
Never did I think to meet you here.
She doesn't care to spend much time with her relatives.
4. 作介系词宾语。
It had no effect except to make her angry.
My father being in poor health, I could do nothing but give up university.
5. 作宾语补语。
I want you to tell me the truth.
What caused her to give up her studies?
I'll get the students to try again.
I should dislike the students to smoke.
I know this to be a fact.
Never have I known John tell a lie.
有一些动词,如bid、have、let、listen to、look at、make后面的动词不定式是不带to的,叫做原形不定式。
6. 作定语。
动词不定式与其所修饰的字之间可有主谓关系和动宾关系。
Amy was the only woman to remember my birthday.
I didn't have a chance to speak English in Japan.
Give me something to eat.
I have my parents to take care of.
The man to come to our rescue is Richard.
7. 作状语。
He went to that restaurant to eat pizza.
She tried to kill herself only to be saved.
What have you done to get in your boss's hair?
The tea is too hot to drink.
You are so kind to help us.
We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.
She was so angry as to be unable to speak.
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