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1. ä¸å®å¼çææ
ä¸å®å¼æ¯ç±ä¸å®å¼ç¬¦å·to+å¨è¯åå½¢ææï¼å¨æäºæ
åµä¸toä¹å¯çç¥ã
ä¸å®å¼ä¸è¬ææ¶å¼åè¯æçååï¼é常æä¸è¡¨ä¸çå ç§å½¢å¼ï¼ä»¥do为ä¾ï¼ï¼
主å¨å¼ 被å¨å¼
ä¸è¬å¼ to do to be done
å®æå¼ to have done to have been done
è¿è¡å¼ to be doing /
å®æè¿è¡å¼ to have been doing /
1) ä¸å®å¼çä¸è¬å¼
ä¸å®å¼çä¸è¬å¼æ表示çå¨ä½é常ä¸ä¸»è¦è°è¯çå¨ä½åæ¶æå ä¹åæ¶åçï¼ææ¯å¨å®ä¹ååçãå¦ï¼
They invited us to go there this summer. ä»ä»¬é请æ们ä»å¹´å¤å¤©å»é£å¿ã
He stood aside for me to pass. ä»ç«å°ä¸è¾¹è®©æéè¿ã
2) ä¸å®å¼çå®æå¼
ä¸å®å¼çå®æå¼æ表示çå¨ä½å¨è°è¯æ表示çå¨ä½ä¹ååçï¼å®å¨å¥ä¸å¯ä½è¡¨è¯ãç¶è¯ã宾è¯ï¼ææ¶ä¹å¯ä½ä¸»è¯ãå®è¯çãå¦ï¼
She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似ä¹å·²å¬è¯´è¿è¿ä»¶äºã
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. æå¾æ±æè®©ä½ çäºè¿ä¹ä¹
ã
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.
ææ¬æ¥æ³åè¯ä½ è¿ä»¶äºçï¼ä½æ碰巧æä¸ä»¶éè¦çäºè¦åã
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.
对ææ¥è¯´ï¼å¨ä½ 们å½å®¶æ
è¡è¿ä¹å¤å°æ¹æ¯ä¸ä»¶å¾è£å¹¸çäºæ
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3) ä¸å®å¼çè¿è¡å¼
ä¸å®å¼çè¿è¡å¼è¡¨ç¤ºæ£å¨è¿è¡çä¸è°è¯å¨è¯åæ¶åççå¨ä½ãå®å¨å¥ä¸å¯ä»¥ç¨ä½é¤è°è¯ä»¥å¤çæææåãå¦ï¼
Itâs nice of you to be helping us these days. ä½ ç好ï¼è¿äºå¤©ä¸ç´å¸®æ们ã
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. ä»åè£
å¨è®¤çå°å¬èå¸è®²è¯¾ã
We didnât expect you to be waiting for us here. æ们没æå°ä½ ä¸ç´å¨è¿å¿çæ们ã
4) ä¸å®å¼çå®æè¿è¡å¼
å¦æä¸å®å¼è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½æ¯è°è¯æ表示æ¶é´ä¹åä¸ç´è¿è¡çå¨ä½ï¼å°±éè¦ç¨å®æè¿è¡å¼ãå¦ï¼
They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. æ®è¯´ä»ä»¬å·²ç»å¨è¥¿èå·¥ä½20å¹´äºã
We are happy to have been helping each other these days. æ们å¾é«å
´è¿äºå¤©è½äºç¸å¸®å©ã
5) å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼çå¦å®å½¢å¼æ¯ç±notæneverå ä¸å®å¼ææãå¦ï¼
Try not to be late again next time. å°½éä¸æ¬¡ä¸è¦åè¿å°ã
He wished us never to meet her again. ä»å¸ææ们永è¿ä¸è¦åè§å°å¥¹ã
6) çé®è¯+å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ï¼
ä¸å®å¼åçé®è¯whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, whyçè¿ç¨å¯ä»¥å¨å¥ä¸èµ·åè¯çä½ç¨ã
注æ: whyä¸ä¸å¸¦toçä¸å®å¼è¿ç¨ï¼å
¶å®çè¯åºä¸å¸¦toçä¸å®å¼è¿ç¨ã
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. (SBâ
¢ P32)
Iâm not sure whether to go to the one about accidents. (SBâ
¢ P1)
On hearing the news, he didnât know whether to laugh or to cry.
å¬å°è¿ä¸ªæ¶æ¯ï¼ä»ä¸ç¥é该åè¿æ¯è¯¥ç¬ã
When to hold the meeting has not decided. ä»ä¹æ¶åå¼ä¼è¿æ²¡æå³å®ã
The most important problem is how to get so much money.
æéè¦çäºæ
æ¯å¦ä½æå°è¿ä¹å¤é±ã
Why do that? = Why did you do that? ä½ ä¸ºä»ä¹è¦é£ä¹åï¼
Why not do it yourself? = Why donât you do it yourself? ä½ ä¸ºä»ä¹ä¸èªå·±åå¢ï¼
ä»è¯åä¸è¬ä¸ç´æ¥æ¥ä¸å®å¼ï¼ä½å¯ä»¥æ¥çé®è¯+ä¸å®å¼çè¯ä½å®¾è¯ãå¦ï¼
Mary gave some advice on how to learn English. ç丽æäºä¸äºå¦ä½å¦ä¹ è±è¯ç建议ã
I have no idea of how to do it. æä¸ç¥é该æä¹åãã
7) ä¸å®å¼ç被å¨å¼ï¼
å½ä¸å®å¼é»è¾ä¸ç主è¯æ¯è¿ä¸ªä¸å®å¼æ表示çå¨ä½çæ¿åè
æ¶ï¼ä¸å®å¼ä¸è¬è¦ç¨è¢«å¨å½¢å¼ï¼to be +è¿å»åè¯åto have been +è¿å»åè¯ãè¿äºå½¢å¼å¯ä»¥ç¨æ¥ä½ä¸»è¯ã表è¯ã宾è¯ãå®è¯ãç¶è¯ãè¡¥è¯ãå¦ï¼
Itâs a good thing for him to have been scolded by the teacher.
对ä»æ¥è¯´ï¼è¢«èå¸è´£å¤æ¯ä¸ä»¶å¥½äºã
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. ä»è¦æ±è¢«æ´¾å¾åæå·¥ä½ã
She was the last person to have been mentioned at the meeting.
她æ¯ä¼ä¸æåä¸ä¸ªè¢«æå°ç人ã
I had to shout to be heard. æä¸å¾ä¸å¤§åæè½è¢«å¬å°ã
We donât like our friends to be laughed at from time to time.
æ们ä¸å欢æ们çæåä¸æ¶å°è¢«å²ç¬ã
2. ä¸å®å¼çè¯æ³ä½ç¨
1) ä¸å®å¼ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. ç¾é»ä¸å¦ä¸è§ã
To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. ææ¡ä¸é¨å¤è¯ä¸æ¯ä¸ä»¶å®¹æçäºã
å¨å¾å¤æ
åµä¸ï¼äººä»¬é常ç¨itä½ä¸ºå½¢å¼ä¸ç主è¯ï¼èæä¸å®å¼çè¯ç§»å°è°è¯ä¹åï¼ä½¿å¥åæ¾å¾å¹³ç¨³ä¸äºãå¦ï¼
Itâs good manners to wait in line. æéçåæ¯å¾æ礼è²çã
It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that.
å¬å°ä»é£æ ·è·ä»å¦å¦è¯´è¯æ们å¾çæ°ã
2) ä¸å®å¼ä½è¡¨è¯ï¼
The most important thing is to put theory into practice.
æéè¦çäºæ
æ¯æç论ä»è¯¸å®è·µã
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.
æ大ç幸ç¦å°±æ¯ä¸ºå¤§å®¶ç幸ç¦èå·¥ä½ã
3) ä¸å®å¼ä½å®¾è¯ï¼
He wanted to know the truth. ä»æ³ç¥éçç¸ã
I prefer to be starved to death rather than beg. æå®æ¿è¢«é¥¿æ»ä¹ä¸æ¿ä¹è®¨ã
He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it.
æé®å°ä»çæ¶åï¼ä»åè£
读è¿è¿æ¬ä¹¦ã
å¦å¤ï¼ä¸å®å¼å¨æäºå¤å宾è¯ä¸ä½å®¾è¯æ¶ï¼äººä»¬å¸¸å¸¸ç¨it代表ä¸å®å¼ï¼èå°çå®å®¾è¯æ¾å¨è¡¥è¶³è¯ä¹åãå¦ï¼
Do you think it better to translate it in this way? ä½ è®¤ä¸ºè¿æ ·ç¿»è¯æ¯ä¸æ¯æ´å¥½ï¼
I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.
æè§å¾è¢«é请å¨ä¼ä¸é¢å¯¹è¿ä¹å¤å¦çåè¨æ¯ä¸ä»¶å¾å
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4) ä¸å®å¼ä½è¡¥è¯ï¼
â ä¸å®å¼å¯ä»¥ååè¯æ代è¯ä¸èµ·ææå¤åç»æä½å¨è¯ç宾è¯ï¼è¿æ¶ä¸å®å¼è¢«ç§°ä¸ºå®¾è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯ãå¦ï¼
I would like you to help me with my English exercises. ææ³è¯·ä½ 帮æåè±è¯ç»ä¹ ã
I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon. æä»æ¥æ²¡æ³å°éåè¿ä¹å¿«å°±ç©¿ç ´äºã
注æï¼å¨è¯helpåé¢æ¥ä¸å®å¼ä½å®¾è¯æ宾è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯å¯ä»¥å¸¦toä¹å¯ä»¥ä¸å¸¦toãå¦ï¼
Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box? è°è½å¸®ææè¿ä¸ªéç®±åï¼
â¡å¨make, let, haveç使役å¨è¯åsee, watch, notice, hear, feelçæå®å¨è¯åçå¤å宾è¯ä¸ï¼å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ä¸å¸¦toã
I often hear her sing in the next room. æç»å¸¸å¬å°å¥¹å¨éå£å±æã
They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 p.m. every day.
ä»ä»¬æ¯å¤©è®©å©åæä¸7ï¼00ä¸åºç¡è§ã
注æï¼get, leaveçè¯ä¹æâ让ââå«âçææï¼å使役å¨è¯ææç¸è¿ï¼ä½å®ä»¬åé¢çä¸å®å¼ä½å®¾è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯å¿
é¡»è¦ætoãå¦ï¼
Iâll get him to try it again. æå°è®©ä»åè¯ä¸æ¬¡ã
How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger?
ä½ æä¹è®©ä»è·ä¸ä¸ªéç人ä¸èµ·åæé¥ï¼
注æï¼å½ä½¿å½¹å¨è¯åæå®å¨è¯å为被å¨è¯ææ¶ï¼ä¸å®å¼å°±æäºä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯ï¼ä½ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯çä¸å®å¼å¿
é¡»å toãå¦ï¼
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
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He is often heard to sing the song. ç»å¸¸æ人å¬å°ä»å±è¿é¦æã
â¢think, consider, believe, declare, suppose, find, imagine, know, understand, take, prove, feelçå¨è¯åé¢æ¥çä¸å®å¼çè¯ä½è¡¥è¯å¤ç±to be+形容è¯æåè¯ææï¼think, consider, findåçto be常å¯çç¥ãå¦ï¼
When he woke up, she found herself (to be ) badly injured.
她éæ¥çæ¶åï¼åç°èªå·±åäºé伤ã
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
æ第ä¸æ¬¡è§å°å¥¹çæ¶å就认为她人å¾å¥½ï¼å¾è¯å®ã
å«ææ¤ç±»å¤å宾è¯çå¥ååæ被å¨è¯ææ¶ï¼ä¸å®å¼åæ ·è¢«ç§°ä¹ä¸ºä¸»è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯ãå¦ï¼
The young man was considered to have great promise. è¿ä¸ªå¹´è½»äººè¢«è®¤ä¸ºå¤§æåéã
The situation was found to be quite encouraging. å½¢å¿çæ¥å¾ä½¿äººé¼èã
â£ä»¥be said, be reported, be known, seem, happen, prove, appearçææè°è¯çå¥åä¸ï¼å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼é常ä¹å¯çä½ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯ãå¦ï¼
More than 20 people were reported to have been killed in the accident.
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I happened to be talking with him when he was hit by a car.
ä»è¢«æ±½è½¦æçæ¶åï¼æ碰巧å¨åä»è°è¯ã
5) ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯ï¼
ä¸å®å¼å¨å¥ä¸ä½å®è¯é常æ¾å¨å
¶æ修饰çåè¯æ代è¯ä¹åï¼ä»¥ä¸å ç§æ
åµå¸¸ç¨ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯ï¼
â è½å¸¦ä¸å®å¼ä½å®¾è¯çå¨è¯ï¼å
¶åæºåè¯å¯ä»¥å¸¦ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯ï¼å¸¸è§çæattempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determinationçãå¦ï¼
He hasnât kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.
ä»æ²¡æéµå®è¯ºè¨å®æç»ä»ç¶æ¯äº²åä¿¡ã
My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.
ææ³æ为ä¸ä¸ªæå¸çæ¿ææ¯å¯ä»¥ç解çã
â¡å¸¸ä¸ä¸å®å¼æé
ç形容è¯ï¼å
¶åæºåè¯ä¸è¬å¯ä»¥å¸¦ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯ï¼å¸¸è§çæability, anxiety, eagerness, ambitionçãå¦ï¼
His eagerness to finish his work in time was quite obvious.
ä»æ¥åå°æ³åæ¶å®æå·¥ä½æ¯å¾ææ¾çã
We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so well.
æ们欣èµä»è½æä¸é¨å¤è¯è¯´å¾è¿ä¹å¥½ã
â¢åºæ°è¯ã形容è¯æé«çº§æ被only, last, nextçè¯ä¿®é¥°çåè¯å¯ä»¥ç¨ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯ãå¦ï¼
He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.
ä»æ»æ¯ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªæ¥æåä¸ä¸ªç¦»å¼ã
The next person to attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.
ä¸ä¸ä¸ªåºå¸ä¼è®®ç人æ¯è´å
å
çã
â£è¿æä¸äºåè¯ç»å¸¸å¸¦ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯ãå¦ï¼person, man, thing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunityçãå¦ï¼
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
æ们å¦çåºè¯¥æåæ°é¢å¯¹ä»»ä½å°é¾ã
He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island.
ä»æ²¡æçç±ç¦»å¼ä»çæåç¬èªä½å°å²ä¸å»ã
â¤å¦æä¸å®å¼åæ修饰çåè¯æ¯å¨å®¾å
³ç³»çè¯ï¼ä¸å®å¼å¨è¯æ¯ä¸å ç©å¨è¯ï¼åé¡»å éå½çä»è¯ãå¦ï¼
I need a pen to write with. æéè¦ä¸æ¯ç¬ã
There are enough chairs for the guests to sit on. æ足å¤çæ¤
åç»å®¢äººåã
They have a large house to live in. ä»ä»¬ä½å¨ä¸åº§å¤§æ¿åéã
I want to buy a pen to write with. ææ³ä¹°ä¸æ¯ç¬ååç¨ã
Please give me a knife to cat with. 请ç»æä¸æåä¸è¥¿çåã
There is nothing for you to worry about. 没æä»ä¹å¯è®©ä½ æ
å¿çã
There are many interesting books to choose from, but I donât know which to borrow. æå¾å¤æ趣ç书å¯ä»¥æéï¼ä½æä¸ç¥é该ååªä¸æ¬ã
6) ä¸å®å¼ä½ç¶è¯ï¼
ä¸å®å¼ä½ç¶è¯å¯ä»¥è¡¨ç¤ºè¡ä¸ºçç®çãç»æãåå ãæ¡ä»¶çã
â ä¸å®å¼ä½ç®çç¶è¯ï¼ææ¶ä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨in order (not) to, so as (not) toç»æãå¦ï¼
In order to protect the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.
为äºä¿æ¤å¹¼èä¸è¢«å¤ªé³æåï¼å¦å¦æå®ä»¬æ¾å°äºé´åå¤ã
He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again.
ä»å¤©æ©ä¸ä»èµ·èº«å¾æ©ä»¥å
ä¸å¦åè¿å°ã
注æï¼so as (not) to doä¸å¯ä»¥ç½®äºå¥é¦ã
â¡ä¸å®å¼ä½ç»æç¶è¯ï¼å¸¸è§çç»æætooâ¦to, enoughâ¦to, soâ¦as to, suchâ¦as to, only toâ¦çãå¦ï¼
The question is too difficult for me to answer. 对ææ¥è¯´ï¼è¿ä¸ªé®é¢å¾é¾åçã
He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself.
ä»è¯´ä»è¶³å¤èªæå¯ä»¥ç¬èªåºä»è¿ä»¶äºã
Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio? è¯·ä½ å¸®æææ¶é³æºè°ä½ä¸ç¹å¥½åï¼
He woke up only to find himself in hospital. ä»éæ¥åç°èªå·±å¨å»é¢éã
注æï¼tooâ¦toé常表示太â¦â¦èä¸â¦â¦ï¼ä½å¨ä¸åå¥åä¸æ²¡æå¦å®çææã
She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太æ³çå¨å®¶éäºã
He is too anxious to know the examination results. ä»å¾æ¥åå°æ³ç¥éèè¯ç»æã
â¢ä¸å®å¼ä½åå ç¶è¯ï¼é常ç¨æ¥ä¿®é¥°è¡¨ç¤ºæ
æãå¿çç¶æãæ§æ ¼çç形容è¯ã常è§ç形容è¯æï¼happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, frightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, disappointed, foolish, impatient, unwise, naughtyçãå¦ï¼
They are surprised to learn of his death. å¾ç¥ä»æ»äº¡çæ¶æ¯ï¼ä»ä»¬å¾æ讶ã
We are proud to be young people of new China. æ为æ°ä¸å½çéå¹´ï¼æ们æå°å¾éªå²ã
å¦å¤ï¼hard, difficult, easy, fitï¼comfortableçè¯ä¹å¯ä»¥æ¥å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ãè¿æ¶åï¼ä½å¥å主è¯çé¤äºæ¯è¡¨ç¤ºäººçè¯å¤ï¼è¿å¯ä»¥æ¯è¡¨ç¤ºç©çè¯ãå¦ï¼
The water is not fit to drink. è¿æ°´ä¸éå饮ç¨ã
The room is very comfortable to live in. è¿ä¸ªæ¿é´ä½èµ·æ¥å¾èæã
注æï¼å两å¥ä¸çä¸å®å¼ä¸å¥åç主è¯æ宾è¯ä¹é´æ¯å¨å®¾å
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