知识点及例题解析：
（1） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A have written B to be written C being written D written 答案：D
What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak 答案：B
Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A are bought B bought C been bought D buying. 答案：B
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A read B reads C to read D reading 答案：D
解析：reading 与 pinned to the door 一样作message 的后置定语，相当于which read, pinned 和 reading的逻辑主语都是 message，它与pin是被动关系，用—ed 形式，与 read 是主动关系，用—ing 形式
（2） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A have written B to be written C being written D written 答案：D
What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak 答案：B
Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A are bought B bought C been bought D buying. 答案：B
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A read B reads C to read D reading 答案：D
解析：reading 与 pinned to the door 一样作message 的后置定语，相当于which read, pinned 和 reading的逻辑主语都是 message，它与pin是被动关系，用—ed 形式，与 read 是主动关系，用—ing 形式
（3） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A have written B to be written C being written D written 答案：D
例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _________.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 答案为C。
【解析】 lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的
的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。
例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 答案为C。
【解析】 lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。
例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
答案：B
【解析】 risk后面只能带动名词做宾语，含义为“冒„„之险”。
例4、 _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 答案为C。
【解析】 在非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式来作主语，而分词和介词短语不能作主语，因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词作主语。expose与one's skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。
例5、____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put
答案：A
【解析】 put sth. into use “让„„投入使用”。显然，put 和句子主语the hotline 构成被动关系，所以用表示被动的过去分词。
例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have
D. have
答案：C
【解析】 动词不定式充当目的状语。
例7、With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 答案为C
【解析】动词不定式to settle作为difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settle作定语表示已经解决的难题，现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。
例8、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken 答案：A
【解析】 take advantage of （利用）和句子主语More and more people 构成主动关系，且和句子谓语sign up for (报名参加)同时发生，所以选择A。
例9、 Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 答案为A。
【解析】 该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。译文：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。
主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。
例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 答案为C。
【解析】 lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。
例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak 答案：B
Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A are bought B bought C been bought D buying. 答案：B
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A read B reads C to read D reading 答案：D
解析：reading 与 pinned to the door 一样作message 的后置定语，相当于which read, pinned 和 reading的逻辑主语都是 message，它与pin是被动关系，用—ed 形式，与 read 是主动关系，用—ing 形式
一般先判断句子主语，如果动作是由主语主动完成，就用动名词，也就是动词ing
如果是被动的，就用ed形式。
如果有表示目的，就是为了...就用to do.
还有一种情况是having done 或者having been done，这种情况经常和doing放在一起对比
如果主句动作是发生在谓语动作之前，就要加个完成时having done 或者having been done.
如果是同时发生，用doing就可以了。本回答被网友采纳
什么是非谓语动词？
英语中如何快速分辨非谓语动词，看这里让你秒懂非谓语动词