第4个回答 推荐于2017-10-12
可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”; 名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1. 有规则变化复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”,现将构成规则列表如下:
1 一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
(注: 但stomach-stomachs例外)
3 以-f或-fe结尾的 变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s
belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs,serf-serfs, safe(保险箱)→ safes
handkerchief(手帕,手绢)的复数形式两者都可以
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos,
两者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos (火山)
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
2.不规则名词复数: 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice , child-children , tooth → teeth 等
2 单复数相同
sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, Chinese,Japanese
3 只有复数形式
trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police, cattle
5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6 复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7 表示“某国人”
加-s
Americans, Australians,Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8 合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups, housewives,
将两部分变为复数,只有man, women
women singers, men servants本回答被提问者采纳