第1个回答 2016-09-14
关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句,修饰代表人或事物的先行词,但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句.that可以充当从句的主语、宾语、表语.例如： The bag that lies on the ground is hers. 地上的那个包是她的.（关系代词that修饰bag的定语从句中充当主语） The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher. 我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师.（关系代词that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语） 在先行词是事物的限定性定语从句中, that和which一般可互换, 但在下列情况下不可以互换： 1. 只能用that,不能用which作先行词的情况 （1）先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时, 关系代词通常只用that, 不用which.例如： ① That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这些. ② Is there anything that you want to buy in town? 你有什么东西要在城里买吗? ③ Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students. 老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的. （2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only, the very, the last等修饰时, 关系代词通常只用that, 不用which.例如： ① The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》. ② This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一. ③ This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情. （3）先行词既有人又有物时, 关系代词只用that, 不用which.例如： ① The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就. ② The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演. （4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时, 通常只用that, 不用which.例如： ① He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了. ② Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了. （5） 句中其他位置已出现which, 为避免重复, 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句.例如： Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车? 2. 只用which,不能用that作先行词的情况 （1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时, 关系代词必须用which.例如： ① The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大. ② This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书. 注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 例如： This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题. （2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如： ①Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则. ②A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书. 〔考题1〕 All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. （1989） A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 〔答案〕 B 〔解析〕 先行词是不定代词all, 其限定性定语从句应由关系代词that引导, 在该定语从句中充当主语. 考点72： who/whom引导的定语从句的用法 who、 whom可以引导定语从句, 修饰表示人的先行词, 在从句中分别充当主语和宾语（在非正式场合下, 除非紧跟于介词之后, who经常可以代替在定语从句中作宾语的whom）.例如： 1. The visitor who came yesterday is Tom. 昨天来访的那个人是汤姆.（who引导修饰visitor的限定性定语从句, 并且在该从句中充当主语） 2. His friends, who had tried to dissuade him from smoking, did not succeed. 他的那些已经尽力劝阻他抽烟的朋友们并没有成功.（who引导修饰friends的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当主语） 3. First came Mary, whom few of us had expected. 首先来的是我们当中几乎没有人料到的玛丽.（whom引导修饰Mary的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当宾语, 这里的whom可以被who所代替） 4. He is John to whom you ought to address the request. 他是约翰, 你应该向他提出此项请求.（whom引导修饰John的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当介词to的宾语, 这里紧跟于介词to之后的whom不可以被who代替） 注意： that引导限定性定语从句修饰表示人的先行词时, 通常可以与who换用.不紧跟在介词后的whom和that通常可以换用（紧跟在介词后的whom不可以被that代替）.例如： The scientist who/that discovers a cure for cancer will be great. 发现治愈癌症的方法的科学家将会因此而伟大.// Jim is the man with whom she talked. 跟她说过话的那个人是吉姆. 〔考题1〕 Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t. （2006北京） A. who； 不填 B. 不填； who C. who； who D. 不填； 不填 〔答案〕 C 〔解析〕 两个下划线处分别引导定语从句修饰表示人的women、 those, 并且在定语从句内部充当主语, 均应采用who的形式. 〔考题2〕 The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. （2002北京春） A. where B. when C. which D. who 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 Who引导非限定性定语从句, 修饰先行词star. 〔考题3〕 He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. （2002上海春） A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 被who所引导的限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词是表达单数含义的“the only one”（of the students是the only one的后置定语）, 题干中的“for three years”意味着应采用现在完成时表示已经赢得奖学金的情况, 因此本题只能选D. 〔考题4〕 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. （1992） A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 “turn to sb. （for sth.）”是表示“（就某事或某物）求助于某人”的固定搭配.介词to必不可少, 可以紧跟介词to后引导定语从句, 修饰表示人的先行词person的关系代词只能是whom, 所以下划线处应是“to whom”的形式. 〔考题5〕 I have many friends, ____ some are businessmen. （2005） A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 表示“在其中, ……之中的一部分”的含义, 应用介词of （from没有类似用法）, 例如： several of my friends （我的几个朋友）、 one of them（他们中间的一个）.修饰先行词friends、 能够紧跟介词of表示“朋友中的一些（是生意人）”的关系代词只有whom, 所以本题只能选D.注意： 本题不选A是因为该形式不能引导定语从句, 填入下划线处会导致整个句子包含两个单独的、 缺乏连词连接的简单句（通常情况下这属于病句）； 不选B是因为which通常不能引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词； 不选C是因为of放于who之后与some连用导致整个句子的意思难以理解. 〔考题6〕 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most ____ were from Germany. （2006辽宁） A. study； of whom B. study； of them C. studying； of them D. studying； of whom 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 第一个下划线处引导修饰students的定语, 不能采用动词原形而应用现在分词的形式, 据此直接排除选项A、 B； 第二个下划线处引导修饰students的定语从句, 用来补充说明students的情况, 由于them不能引导定语从句, 应直接排除C而选出D. 〔考题7〕 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ____ we gave some bells and glasses. （2006湖南） A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 〔答案〕 B 〔解析〕 根据“give sth. to sb.”的搭配, 下划线处应以to whom的形式引导定语从句.Which不能引导定语从句修饰人, 所以A、 D应首先排除. 考点73： whose引导的定语从句的用法 whose可以引导定语从句, 修饰表示人或事物的先行词, 在定语从句中充当定语.例如： Is there anyone here whose name is Li Hua? 这儿有叫李华的人吗?（先行词表示人） // The bicycle whose brake was damaged has now been repaired. 刹车坏了的自行车现在已被修好.（先行词表示物） 〔考题1〕 George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. （2004北京） A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 题干的意思是： 真名是 Eric Arthur的George Orwell写了很多政治性的小说和短评.四个选项中只有D选项可以引导定语从句修饰主语George Orwell（在定语从句中whose充当定语）, 其他选项都使得下划线部分出现一个“主语＋系动词＋表语”结构, 从而导致整个句子结构紊乱. 〔考题2〕 Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ____ roof is under repair. （2006福建） A. whose B. which C. of which D. what 〔答案〕 A 〔解析〕 下划线处引导house的定语从句并在从句内部充当主语roof的定语, 应填入引导词whose. 〔考题3〕 Have you seen the film Titanic, ____ leading actor is world*9鄄famous? （2001上海春） A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which 〔答案〕 C 〔解析〕 下划线处引导定语从句并充当定语从句中主语leading actor的定语, 只能选C.注意： 选项A、 B使得整个句子的结构出现混乱, 应排除. 〔考题4〕 Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering. （2005天津） A. that B. whose C. those D. what 〔答案〕 B 〔解析〕 题干中逗号之后为floods的定语从句, 下划线处在定语从句内部充当suffer from的宾语——effects的定语, 相当于名词所有格floods的含义.
第4个回答 推荐于2017-12-15
关于代词that和which的用法区别：
在定语从句中,当先行词是指物时,关系代词which可以由that代替,如果which不在介词之后,也可省略.在日常用语或口语中,which不作主语时可以省略.例：
Did you take away the book(which/that）I showed you yesterday?
你把我昨天给你看的那本书拿走了吗?
The hotel at which we stayed was both cheap and comfortable.
我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒适.
This is certainly not the book for which I paid./This is certainly not the book I paid for.
这肯定不是我付钱买的那本书.
但两者之间还有一定的区别,必须予以足够的重视.
一.that仅用在限制性定语从句中,通常不用逗号隔开,作宾语或介词宾语时,that 可以省去.例：
The letter that came this morning is from my father.
今晨收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的.
The watch(that)you gave me keeps perfect time.
你给我的那块手表走得准极了.
The photographs(that) you're looking at were taken by my brother.
你正看的这些相片是我弟弟照的.
二.which既可用在限制性定语从句中,作宾语或介词宾语时,which可以省去,也可用在非限制性定语从句中.例：
Did you see the letter that/which came today?
今天来的信你看到了没有?
This is the one of which I'm speaking./This is the one I'm speaking of.
这就是我说的那一个.
He changed his mind, which made me angry.
他改变了主意,使我很生气.
He admires Mrs.Brown, which surprises me.
他钦佩布郎太太,这使我感到惊奇.
三.当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时,要用that,不用which,作宾语时可以省去.
例：
All that can be done has been done.
凡能做的事都已经做了.
You can't believe anything she says.
她所说的什么话你都不能相信.
There's nothing you can do to help.
你做什么也无能为力了.
I hope that the little that I've been able to do has been of some use.
我希望我能够做到的那一点点是有些用处的.
This reference book contains much(little)that is useful.
这本参考书中有很多（没有多少）有用的东西.
四.当先行词被形容词的最高级形式所修饰时,要用that, 不用which,作宾语时可以省去.例：
This is the most expensive watch(that)I've ever owned.
这是我有过的最昂贵的一块表.
This is the best article that has ever been written on this subject.
迄今为止在有关这个题目的文章中,这一篇是最好的.
五.当先行词被序数词或the very, the only, the last修饰时,要用that,不用which,作宾语时可以省去.例：
This is the first time(that)I've heard her sing.
这是我头一次听她唱歌.
This is the first time I've been here.
这是我头一次来这里.
That's the seventeenth beer(that)you've drunk this evening.
那可是你今天晚上喝的第十七杯啤酒了.
It was the third time he had been in love that year.
这是他那一年第三次谈恋爱了.
This is the very pen he used when he was writing the book.
他写那本书时就是用这支笔.
This is the last thing one can say about it.
决不能这样说.
To invent a lie about my mistake is the last thing I'll do.
说谎话来掩盖我的错误是我最不愿意干的事.
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
只有一件事最重要,那就是找到回家的路.
六.当先行词被the same修饰时,用that表示同一件物品,用as表示相类似的一件物品,不能用which.例：
This is the same one as/that you had before.
这跟你以前的一样/这就是你以前的那一个.
I saw the mistake at the(very)same moment that she did.
我与她（正好）同时发现错误.
I bought the same car as yours/that you did.
我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样.
You've made the same mistakes as last time/that you made last time.
你又犯了上次所犯的同一错误.
七.当先行词既指人又指物时,只能用that,不能用which.例：
I like the writers and their works that you mentioned the other day.
我喜欢你前几天提到的那些作家和他们的作品.
They were talking about the persons and things that they remembered in the school.
他们在谈论他们能回忆起来在学校里的人和事.
八.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语是,只能用that,也可以省去,不能用which.例：
China is no longer the country that it was.
中国已不是过去的中国了.
My typewriter is not the machine(that)it was.
我的打字机已不是过去的机器了.
九.为避免与which重复使用时,要用that.例：
Which is the car that was made in Beijing?
哪辆汽车是北京制造的?
十.关系代词直接放在介词后面时,要用which.例：
Read the passage to which I referred in my talk.
读一下我在演讲中提到过的那段文章.
His new car, for which he paid ￡7000, has already had to be repaired.
他花700英镑买来的那辆新车已经不得不修理了.
十一.which还可以用作关系限定词,后跟名词,that则不能这样用.例：
He changed his mind for the second time, after which I refused ever to go out with him again.
他第二次变卦,以后我再也不跟他出去了.
The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep.
邮递员早晨六点半就到,而这时我通常还熟睡着呢.
He may come, in which case I'll ask him.
他也许会来,来了我就问他.
There are 2 left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite.
剩下两件事,一件快做完了,另一件还有得做.
十二.引导非限制性定词从句时,一般要用which,不用that.例：
Football, which is a popular game, is played all over the wofld.
全世界都踢足球,它是一项很受欢迎的运动.
She spent all evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had ever heard of.
她花了整个晚上谈她最近的新书,关于这本书,我们没有一个人听说过.本回答被提问者采纳