which作宾语或主语时

Question

which作宾语或主语时有什么分别?whom作宾语或主语时有什么分别?

Answer 1

在定语从句中，which做宾语可以省略，而做主语则不可省略。
例：That's the present which I bought.此句中which 做宾语，可以省略。
That's the prsent which is very beautiful.此句中which 做主语，不能省略。
whom 就是 who 的宾格，做宾语
例：He is the one whom I care about.不过在口语中，人们通常直接用who代替whom.

Answer 2

定语从句

1，限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别：

a)非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，朗读时先行词部分一般用降调并稍做停顿，书写的时候多半用逗号分开。

b)非限定性定语从句能够修饰整个句子，限定性定语从句则不能。

c)非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的含义不一样，限定性定语从句是确指，而非限定性定语从句是泛指。

d)先行词为专有名词或者具有特指对象的名词时，一般要用非限定性定语从句。

e)在非限定定语从句中，先行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who, whom,不能用that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which,不能用that.

2，各种关系代词的使用方法

a)关系代词who的用法：

(1) who的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但它的前面不能有介词，如果带了介词就必须用宾格whom(介词+whom)

This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.
She is the girl who(whom) I met at the party.( 可以替代）
She is the girl whom(who) I went there with.( 可以替代）
She is the girl with whom I went there. ( 不可替代）

(2)Who, that 在很多情况下可以通用，但有些情况只能用who:

[A] 先行词是one, ones, anyone 的时候宜用who

One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don't please me.
Don't tell anyone about the news who oughtn't to know it.
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.

[B] 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词

Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

[C] 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候

I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.

[D] 一个句子中带有2个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.

The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.

[E] 在there be 开头的句子中：

There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.