我对初中的定语从句宾语从句状语从句不明白

如题所述

定语从句总是有个名词当先行词,中文总是翻译成".........的人或物"如The man who give me more help is a kind man .定语从句只修饰一个名词,宾语从句是放在及物动词后或介词后当宾语的从句.如He ordered that you should go to the front at once .I don't care for which you give me .而状语从句却修饰谓语动词.状语从句没有名词当先行词,只有连词在句首引导.常用连词有:引导时间状语从句的有when,while,as, 引导条件状语从句的有:if,as long as,now that,其它还有引导地点,原因,让步,方式,目的,结果等状语从句的,如:where,because,for,since,as,whatever,no matter what,however,whenever,wherever,so that,in order that,so,等等..如果你能抓住句子的意思是".........的人或物"意思是定语从句,战果是"因为,如果,无论,那里,目的是,结果"等意思时就是状语从句.如果删去定语从句,状语从句,主句还能成立:The man is a kind man .(If you go,)I will go .但如删去宾语从句,句子就不能成立了:He ordered.I don't care for.句子就不完整了.
为什么会有限制性和非限制性定语从句的出现?中英文定语从句词序有什么区别。
定语从句有两个功能,一个是限制以帮助人们寻找区分出某人或某物。.另一功能是修饰形容.,就象中文里的“伟大的,光荣的,正确的”的抒情描述一样,没有寻找区别功能。我们要在一群女孩里找出一个叫罗勤燕的女孩,那就必须对这群女孩子进行限制,找出罗勤燕的一些个性特征:如:The girl who is very tall is Luo Qinyin。那个又高又漂亮的女孩就是罗勤燕。“又高又漂亮的女孩”就是限制性定语从句,它能帮助人找出罗勤燕。如果“罗勤燕”当先行词,教室里的女孩那么多个,不限制就找不出罗勤燕,罗勤燕只有一个,对“罗勤燕”就不能用限制性,必须用非限制性。非限制只能是补充说明, Luo Qinyin,who is very tall ,is our monitor 。这句话翻译与限制性完全不同:罗勤燕是我们的班长,她很高.”她很高.”是补充说明,要翻译成另一句话,它没有帮助寻找区分的功能.,而限制性定语从句只是一句话..
2.限制性定语从句的特点: 在中文中后置的被修饰限制的名词在英语中都是前置的,放在从句前当先行词.而定语从句又总是紧紧放在先行词后面。这就出现了与中文不一样的词序:主句和从句混在一起,主句的谓语动词与从句的谓语动词可紧紧地凑近混合在一起.
1)The girl who is dancing dances well。
2)The thing that I tasted tastes sweat
3)The girl at whom I looked looks beautiful.
从句的动词与主句的动词紧挨在一起,很容易令学生感到混乱,别扭,很容易出现分不清主句,从句,不懂句子是什么意思的问题。请试翻译以下句子:
1}.”The teacher pointed out that that that that student wrote was in wrong place 。”
2).The person who is brave is afraid to look at my eyes.
I can can the can that is smaller into the can that is bigger 。
3).The house whose windows are big is big .
4)The students who didn’t come didn’t get the money .
5)The boy who is tall is shorter than some classmates in the university in the north.
3.先行词,引导词,从句的主语这三个位置都是考试中惯考的三类难点。有两个技巧我们必须要掌握:1。凡是含有定语从句的复合句,都必须有两个主语,两个谓语动词,如果少一个主语或少一个谓语动词,都是不]正确的句子。象我们这次甲级联赛中都出现这样的错误:The student who is very tall and beautiful .
1)that ,which ,who ,whose,where,when都是考试惯考的引导词。.
a.引导词在当从句宾语时可以省略.但先行词,从句主语却不能省略,这个要注意.
1}______(a. the one b. that c. which d. who) you talked to is talking to us now.
2}I like the book_________(a. you b. that c. the one d. who)talked about .
b. which可以指代前面的整句话,这时which前面总是有个逗号,which在从句中大多当主语,偶尔也有在从句中当宾语的。
1)She tore my photo_____{a,which b. who c. which d. whose} I took in Guangzhou .
2) She tore my photo_____{a,which b. who c. which d. whose} made me angry .
3}I sat on the chair _____{a,which b. who c. which d. whose}legs are broken .
4.在表示地点的名词当先行词时,其后的定语从句中的动词大多数是不及物的,都是用where或介词+which引导从句.只有visit ,build ,buy ,sell ….等及物动词可以用在地点名词后的定语从句中,那时只能用关系代词which, that,当宾语可以省略.
1)The school _____I studied ten years ago becomes more and more beautiful.
2) The school _______I visited ten years ago becomes more and more beautiful.
3)This is the house in _____ Mao live many years ago.
4) This is the house_______ Mao built many years ago .
5)The bookshop ______he works is very large .
6)The bookshop ______ he bought last year is very large .
7)The bookshop ______he bought the book is very large .
5.在表示时间的名词当先行词时, 其后的定语从句中的动词也大多数是不及物的,都是用when或介词+which引导从句,只有spend,remember, forget,等少数几个及物动词词可以用在时间名词引导的定语从句中,它可以带时间名词当宾语,这时从句只能用which ,that引导,当从句宾语时that ,which当宾语可以省略以省略。
1)I’ll never forget the days _______ I lived in Beijing .
2) I’ll never forget the days _______ I spent in Beijing .
3)The time _____ you forget is the day after tomorrow .
4)The time _____you’ll meet me in Beijing is the day after tomorrow .
5)The time _____ you remembered to stop heating the soup is too late .
6)The time _____you remembered is 9:30 .
在汉语中,不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用用几个动词;但在英语中,一个句子只能用一个谓语动词,除了用and 连接的两动词外,其它的两个动词一定要分清主次,从属等内在逻辑关系。表示原因,条件,目的,时间,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或状语从句来表示。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词,句子的次要,伴随,补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的状语从句。下面列举一些例句对比说明:
1."为了健康,他天天喝牛奶。""为了健康"是目的,是次要动作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词;In order that he can be more healthy, he drinks milk every day.
3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作,但它和"肚子痛"有内在逻辑关系,它表示的是原因,是从属地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。可以用Since I have drunk some milk,I have some trouble with my stomach."
4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系,它显然是条件,可以用"If you Drink milk every day, you will get more healthy"来表示。
5,“我喝牛奶呛着了。”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系,它表示时间,可以用“When I drank some milk, I choked."来表示。
6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作,应做谓语动词,而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作,是补充说明,可用非谓语动词:“He sat there,drinking some milk."
综上所述,同是“喝牛奶”,但各句子中“喝牛奶”的动作含义和句子地位各不相同。此“喝牛奶”非彼“喝牛奶”。
反之,如不用非谓语而用从句,那表示原因,条件,时间,伴随,目的的从句前又必须有连词。而中文却是可以省连词的,如上文的“喝牛奶肚子痛”“喝牛奶,人健康。”“喝牛奶呛着了”都可以加用连词也可以不用连词。因此中国学生往往把表示原因,条件,时间,伴随的从句不用连词,不用句号,却要与主句并列在一起,出现“少连词混淆主次”的错误,如:I am poor, I can't buy the house. "I am poor"显然与后面的句子有逻辑因果关系,应加连词Since或变成“Since I am poor,I can't buy the the house.
有时中国学生又会犯两个分句都用连词的错误,如:“因为我病了,所以今天我不能上学”译成:Because I am ill, so I can't go to school today.如两个分句象中文一样都用连词,那就没有表示句子主要意思的主句了。这便是“多连词导致无主句”错误。同理,如非谓语动词短语后的句子用连词,也等于犯了“无主句”的错误。Because,so2 a1 随便删去一个就可以了.
宾语从句主要要注意词序问题,不能用疑问句词序,要用陈述语序:He asked what my name is ?但He asked what was the matter =He asked what was wrong .是陈述语序,不是疑问句语序.
以上知识能力要点都是要靠理解,领悟,不是靠死记硬背的。下面让我们做一点练习来加深理解。注意两动作的主次逻辑关系,注意“无形式主语”“无连词”“不能多用连词 ”等非谓语动词特点。
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第1个回答  2011-12-04
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