同位语从句与定语从句的不同

Question

需要简单的话！容易懂的！！不要用一大堆难懂的话！

Answer 1

1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如：
He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.他又告诉我们一个事实，过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)
We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago. . 我们不知道她的母亲十年前是个教授。(同位语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。（定语从句）
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。（定语从句）
2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外，还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词，常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as，than, but 等。
The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句，关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)
Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗？(同位语从句)
I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake. 我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤！(同位语从句)
3. 从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，描述先行词的性质或特征，与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步补充解释，是中心词的具体内容。例如：
The man that you saw just now is my bother. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)
The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。（同位语从句）
The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off. 他提出的建议推迟会议。（定语从句）
4. 正确理解和使用同位语从句，还应注意以下几点：
A.分隔同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来，这种分隔主要出于修辞原因，即为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing . 真相终于大白了，他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。
An order has come from Beijing that these thieves will be sentenced to death .
B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：（should） + 动词原形。常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand , plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如：
The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted . 采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。
C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。例如：
他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。
（正）The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
（误）The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday

Answer 2

　同位语从句与定语从句在外形上非常相似,它们都有类似的引导词,因此很多同学对如何区分它们感到很困难,今天我们就这一语法现象进行讲解。　　由于同位语从句的先行词多为fact, belief, news, idea, thought, question, reply, possibility, hope, problem, remark, report等名词,引导词常用that,所以有些同学干脆把这些名词背得滚瓜烂熟,以为只要上述名词后面出现的从句肯定是同位语从句,殊不知上述名词后面出现的从句既有可能是同位语从句,也有可能是定语从句。例如: 　　(1)We were greatly pleased at the news that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again.听到中国女排再次获胜的消息我们极为高兴。(that引导的是同位语从句) 　　(2)We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacher had told us.听到老师告诉我们的消息我们感到很高兴。(that引导的是定语从句) 　　从上面的例句可以看出,仅仅只靠先行词就断定有些名词之后一定就是同位语从句显然是片面的。那么,究竟应当如何来区分同位语从句和定语从句呢?一般来说,我们可以从以下几个方面去区分同位语从句和定语从句: 　　1.从意义的角度来看,同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关系,如例(1)中的news与其后的从句that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again之间,"中国女排再次获胜"表示"消息"的具体内容。定语从句与先行词之间存在的是所属关系,表示"……的",起修饰限定作用。如例(2)中的news与其后的that our teacher had told us"老师告诉我们的"是对"消息"进行修饰限定,并不表示"消息"的具体内容。　　2.从语法角度来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法作用,用来连接同位语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分,如例(1)中的that;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分,主要是作主语或宾语,如例(2)中的that在从句中作动词told的宾语。　　3.从先行词的词性来看,同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,也可以是代词。例如: 　　(1)There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词,同位语从句) 　　(2)Those who were against the plan raised their hands.那些反对这个计划的人举起了手。(Those为代词,定语从句) 　　4.从可否省略来看,同位语从句的that一般不可以省略,但是定语从句中的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语,在非正式用语中常常可以将关系代词that省略。　　5.从引导词来看,同位语从句有时也可以用whether来引导,但是定语从句则一般不用whether来引导。例如: 　　The problem (of) whether they could finish the project is very important.他们是否能够按期完成那个项目,这个问题非常重要。　　6.who, which, what, when, why, how, where等词都可以用来引导同位语从句,但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同:引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。例如: 　　(1)The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句) 　　(2)He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)　　(文/王艳琼；英语通高二版2004年第3期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。) http://www.qnr.cn/waiyu/

Answer 3

1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）
　　 The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。） 2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）
　Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用which替换；而that引导定于从句时是代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。
e.g. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me. （that不可换为which）
　 The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese.（第一个that可换为which，第二个不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。）4、引导同位语从句关连词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；而定语从句不可用what, how, whether等引导。
e.g. I had no idea at all what I should do next. 　　
　 There is no proof whether he was killed by others.

Answer 4

从句子的形式上来看，同位语从句和定语从句非常相似，都可以由连词that来引导。但是that在同位语从句与定语从句中的作用和功能都是不同的。

Answer 5