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1. Be å¼èæè¯æ°:建议, å½ä»¤æ请æ±
è¿éæ说çbeå¼ç»æä¸å¸¦toçå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ï¼ç¨äºææ人称åæ¶é´ã
æ£å¼æä½ä¸ï¼å¨è¡¨ç¤ºå»ºè®®, å½ä»¤æ请æ±çå¨è¯åï¼thatä»å¥çå¨è¯å¸¸å¸¸ç¨è¿ä¸å½¢å¼ï¼å°¤å
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ä¾å¦ï¼(aâc).
è±å½è±è¯å¾å°è¿æ ·ç¨ï¼å¾å¾è¦å¨åé¢å æ
æå¨è¯should (a)
a) He asked that they (should) be allowed to leave.
ä»è¯·æ±å许ä»ä»¬ç¦»å¼ã
b) I suggested that we meet outside by the fountain.
æ建议æ们å¨å¤é¢å·æ°´æ± æè§é¢ã
c) He urges that the restrictions be lifted.
ä»æ¦ä¿åéå¶æ¶
å¯ä»¥è¿æ ·ç¨çå¨è¯é常æï¼
advise, ask, beg, command, decree(å½ä»¤), demand, direct (å½ä»¤), insist, order, plead (æ³æ±), propose, recommend (建议. å¿ å), request(请æ±), require (è¦æ±, å½ä»¤), urge(æåä¸»å¼ ), preferçã
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d) It is requested that he be told the truth as soon as possible. è¦æ±å°½æ©æçå®æ
åµåè¯ä»ã
e) My proposal is that the meeting be postponed till a later time. æçæè®®æ¯æä¼è®®æ¨è¿å°ä»¥ååå¼ã
f) Her advice that John (should) wait until next week is quite reasonable. 她å约翰ä¸çå°ä¸ææï¼è¿æ¯åæ
åççã
å¨ It is important thatç表示å¿
è¦æ§è¿«åæ§çå¥åä¸ï¼thatä»å¥çå¨è¯ä¹å¯ç¨è¿ç§å½¢å¼(gâi)ã
E.g.
g) It is imperative that he (should) make a quick decision. ä»å¿
须尽快ååºå³å®ã
h) It is important that everybody get prepared beforehand. 人人é½è¦äºå
åå¤å¥½ï¼è¿ä¸ç¹æ¯å¾éè¦çã
i) It is necessary that he be sent there right now. éè¦é©¬ä¸å°ä»æ´¾å¾é£å¿ã
å¯ä»¥è¿æ ·ç¨ç形容è¯é常æï¼advisable(å¯åçææºç), desirable(åæç), essential (åºæ¬çå¿
é¡»ç), imperative (æ¥éç,å¿
è¦ç), important, necessary, obligatory (ä¹ä¸å®¹è¾ç, å¿
é¡»ç), urgent(紧迫ç), vital (è³å
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* å½å
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His question suggested that he doubted my sincerity. ä»çæé®è¡¨æä»æçæçè¯æã
She insisted that she was innocent. 她åæ认为èªå·±æ¯æ¸
ç½çã
2. ç¨äºlestç¶è¯ä»å¥
æ£å¼æä½ä¸ï¼è¿è¯leståçå¨è¯å¯ç¨ä¸å¸¦toçä¸å®å¼ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºç®çæçç± ã
èå¨éæ£å¼æä½ä¸ï¼å常å¨å¨è¯ åå æ
æå¨è¯shouldæmightã
a) He ran away lest he (shouldï¼might) be seenãä»æ被人家çè§ï¼è·å¼äºã
b) I was afraid lest she (should) be offendedãææææ她ç»å¾ç½ªäºã
c) We worried lest the secret become knownãæ们æ
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3.Wereå¼èæè¯æ°ï¼èææ¡ä»¶å¥
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1)è°è®ºç°å¨æå°æ¥çæ
åµï¼ifä»å¥çå¨è¯ç¨è¿å»æ¶ï¼ä¸»å¥å¨è¯åç¨would (a-d)ã
ä¾å¦ï¼
a) I'd hurry up if I were you. è¦æ¯æ¢äºæï¼æå°±ä¼å ç´§ã
b) If it were / was not raining now, I would go for a walk. è¦æ¯å¤©æ²¡æä¸é¨ï¼æå°±å»æ£æ¥ã
c) If I could afford it, I would buy a boat. å¦ææçé±å¤ï¼æ就买æ¡è¹ã
d) If war broke out, what would you do? å¦ææäºçåï¼ä½ ä¼æä¹å?
2)è°è®ºå°æ¥æ
åµæ¶ï¼è¾æ£å¼çç¨æ³æ¯ifä»å¥ç¨shouldï¼ä¸»å¥å¯ç¨wouldæwill (e)ãå¦ä¸ç§æ¹æ³æ¯ä»å¥ç¨were toï¼ä¸»å¥ç¨would (f)ã
E.g.
e) We wouldn't / won't lose courage if we should fail again.åè¥æ们å次失败æ们ä¹ä¸ä¼æ°é¦ã
f) If I were / was to do it, I would do it in a different wayãå¦æææ¥åï¼æä¼ç¨å¦ä¸ç§æ¹å¼ã
3) è°å°è¿å»æ²¡æåçè¿çäºæ
æ¶ï¼ifä»å¥ç¨è¿å»å®ææ¶ï¼ä¸»å¥ç¨âwould + have + è¿å»åè¯(gï¼h)ã
E.g.
g) If you had told me about your problem, I would have helped you. è¦æ¯ä½ æ©åè¯æä½ çå°é¾æä¼å¸®ä½ çã
h) If it hadn't been for your help, I really don't know what I'd have done. è¦æ¯æ²¡æä½ ç帮å©ï¼æçä¸ç¥éä¼ææä»ä¹æ ·åã
注æï¼æ£å¼æä½ä¸ï¼è°å°ç°å¨æå°æ¥æ
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4.. couldï¼mightæshouldå¨ä¸»å¥ä¸ç使ç¨
èææ¡ä»¶å¥ç主å¥ä¸ï¼ä¸è¬å æ
æå¨è¯wouldï¼ä½ææ¶ä¹å¯ç¨couldï¼mightæShouldã
could表示è½åæ许å¯ï¼ææç¸å½äºwould be able to (a)ã
E.g. a) If the roads weren't so icy, we could go much faster.
è¦æ¯è·¯ä¸æ²¡æé£ä¹å¤å°ï¼æ们å¯ä»¥èµ°å¾å¿«å¾å¤ã
couldå ä¸å®å¼çå®æå¼è¡¨ç¤ºæ¬æ¥è½å¤åå°çäºæ²¡æåå°(b)ã
mightï¼Could表示å¯è½æ§æ许诺ï¼ææç¸å½äºwould possibly (c)ã
E.g. b) If my parents hadn't been so poor, I could have gone to college.
å¦ææçç¶æ¯ä¸æ¯é£ä¹ç©·ï¼ææ¬æ¥æ¯è½å¤ä¸å¤§å¦çã
c) If you asked me nicely, I might/could take you out for lunch.
è¦æ¯ä½ 好好æ±æï¼æå¯ä»¥å¸¦ä½ åºå»ååé¥ã
might/couldå ä¸å®å¼çå®æå¼è¡¨ç¤ºæ¬æ¥ä¹è®¸ä¼åççäºæ²¡æåç(d)
E.g. d) If he had made adequate preparations, he might/could have succeededè¦æ¯åå¤å
åï¼ä»ä¹è®¸å·²æåã
shouldçææä¸Wouldç¸åï¼ç¨äºIæweä¹åã
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E.g. :
e) I should be more careful if I were youã
f) I shouldnât have done it if it hadnât been necessaryï¼
5. çç¥if
å¨æ£å¼æä½ææå¦ä½åä¸ï¼ææ¶å°æ¡ä»¶ä»å¥ä¸çifçç¥ï¼åæ¶æ第ä¸ä¸ªå¨è¯ç½®äºä¸»è¯ä¹å(a-e)ãåªæå¨ä»å¥ç第ä¸ä¸ªå¨è¯ä¸ºshould, wereæhadæ¶æå¯ä»¥è¿æ ·ç¨ã
è¦è®°ä½å¨è¿ç§æ¶ååªå¯ç¨wereï¼ ä¸å¯ç¨was (b,c)
E.g.
a) Should any visitors come, I would / will say you are not in. å¦ææ人æ¥è®¿ï¼æå°±è¯´ä½ ä¸å¨
b) Were it all true, it would still not excuse their actions.å°±ç®è¿å
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ä»ä»¬çè¡ä¸ºã
c) Were anything to happen, I would return immediately. æ¯åçä»ä¹äºï¼æç«å³åæ¥ã
d) Had we enough time, things would be easy. æ们æå
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e) Had we known about it, I would have told you.è¦æ¯æç¥éäºè¿ä»¶äºï¼ææ©å°±åè¯ä½ äºã
6. ä»å¥ä¸ä¸»å¥æ¶é´æè¯æ°çä¸ä¸è´
å¨èææ¡ä»¶å¥éï¼ä¸»å¥åä»å¥çæ¶é´é常æ¯ä¸è´çï¼ä½ææ¶åºäºææçé
è¦ä¹å¯è½ä¸ä¸è´ã
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a) If I had had breakfast, I would not be hungry now. è¦æ¯æåäºæ©é¥ï¼ç°å¨å°±ä¸ä¼é¥¿äºã
b) If he hadn't spent so much money, he would be rich today. å¦æä»è¿å»ä¸å¤§æ大èå°è±é±ï¼ä»å¤©å°±ä¼å¾å¯è£äºã
å¶å°ï¼ä¹æå¯è½æ¡ä»¶ä»å¥è®²çæ¯é常æ
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c) If he were a good student, he would have studied for the test. å¦æä»æ¯ä¸ªå¥½å¦çï¼ä»æ©å°±ä¼ä¸ºèè¯å¤ä¹ 好å课äºã
ææ¶è¯´è¯äººå¯è½ä¼å¨ä¸éæ¹åè¯æ°ãå¦æ¡ä»¶ä»å¥ç¨èæè¯æ°(è§å¾å¯è½æ§ä¸å¤§)ï¼è主å¥ç¨äºéè¿°è¯æ°(认为å¯è½æ§è¾å¤§)(d)ã
d) Heâs not bad-looking if his face were not so pale. ä»å¹¶ä¸é¾çï¼è¦æ¯ä»çè¸è²ä¸é£ä¹èç½çè¯ã
主å¥è¿å¯ä»¥ç¨ç¥ä½¿è¯æ°ï¼ç¨ä»¥æåºè¯·æ±(e)ã
e) Should you change your mind, let us know. è¦æ¯ä½ æ¹å主æï¼å°±è¯·åè¯æ们ã
7. 没æifä»å¥çèææ¡ä»¶å¥
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E.g. a) I could do nothing without you.
è¦æ²¡æä½ ï¼æä»ä¹ä¹å¹²ä¸æã
b) But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. è¦ä¸æ¯ä¸æ´é¨ï¼æ们æ¬è¯¥æ©ä¸ç¹å°è¾¾ã
c) We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
å¦ææ¡ä»¶åæå©ä¸ç¹ï¼æ们ä¼åå¾æ´å¥½ã
d) She ran; otherwise, she would have missed her bus. 她å¥è·çï¼è¦ä¸ç¶å°±èµ¶ä¸ä¸å
Œ
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e) It would be a mistake not to help him.è¦ä¸å¸®å©ä»ï¼é£å°æ¯ä¸ªé误ã
8.ç¨äºWishåWould rather/Soonerå
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ä¸æ¯å®é
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ï¼ä»å¥ä¸çå¨è¯ç¨ç¸åºçè¿å»å½¢å¼(a-d)ã
a) I wish I lived nearer New York.
b) I wish it wasn't / weren't so cold.
c) I envy you. I wish I was / were going away too.
d) I wish I could persuade her.
å¦ææçæ¯è¿å»çäºæ
ï¼ä»å¥ä¸çå¨è¯ç¨è¿å»å®ææ¶(eï¼f)ã
e) She wishes she hadnât said that.
她å¸æ她没æ说è¿é£æ ·çè¯ã
f) I wish Mary could have come.
è¦æ¯ç丽é£æ¶è½æ¥å°±å¥½äºã
ä»å¥ä¸ä¹å¯ç¨wouldæ¥æåºè¦æ±,建议æå¸æï¼ææ¶å¸¦æä¸æ»¡æä¸èç¦çææ(gï¼h)ã
g) I wish you would shut up.
æå¸æä½ éä¸å´ã
h) I wish he wouldn't play his record so loudly.
æå¸æä»ä¸è¦æå±çæ¾å¾é£ä¹åã
å½wish为è¿å»æ¶çæ¶åï¼ä»å¥å¨è¯çç¨æ³ä¸wish为ç°å¨æ¶çæ¶åä¸æ ·(iï¼j)
i) The inspector wished he carried a gun.
è¦å®å¸æèªå·±å¸¦äºæªã
j) He wished he had phoned for a cab.
ä»å¸æä»æè¿çµè¯è¦åºç§è½¦ã
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å¦ï¼ I hope you like this houseãæå¸æä½ å欢è¿é´æ¿åã
I hope I'll see you before you go.æå¸æå¨ä½ èµ°åè½è§å°ä½ ã
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a) If only I were rich. ä½æ¿æå¾æé±ã
b) If only I could swim! æä¼æ¸¸æ³³è¯¥å¤å¥½!
c) If only he didn't snore! è¦æ¯ä»ä¸æ鼾就好äº!
å¦ææèµ·è¿å»çäºæ
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if onlyè¿å¯ä¸wouldè¿ç¨è¡¨è¾¾æ¿æï¼è¿æ¶å¸¸å¸¦æéæ¾æä¸æ»¡çå«ä¹(eï¼f)ã
d) If only he'd remembered to buy some fruit. è¦æ¯ä»å½æ¶è®°å¾ä¹°äºæ°´ææ¥è¯¥å¤å¥½ã
e) If only he wouldn't eat so noisily. çå¸æä»åä¸è¥¿æ¶ä¸è¦ååºé£ä¹åç声é³ã
f) If only it would stop raining! çå¸æé¨å!
è¿ä¸ç»æä¹å¯ç¨äºèææ¡ä»¶å¥(g)ã
g) If only I had more money, I could buy the new clothes. è¦æ¯æææ´å¤çé±å°±å¥½äºï¼é£æå°±å¯ä»¥ä¹°é£äºæ°è¡£æäºã
è¦æ³¨æå®ä¸only(åªæï¼åªè¦)çåºå«ï¼only ifç¨éè¿°è¯æ°ï¼å¸¸ç½®äºå¥é¦ï¼Only if the green light comes on can you Cross the roadï¼åªæ绿ç¯äº®äºæå¯ä»¥è¿é©¬è·¯ã
10. ç¨äºå
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è¿æ¶ï¼å®æçæ¯ç°å¨æå°æ¥ï¼èä¸æ¯è¿å»ã
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注æå®è·as it is (æwas)(=in realityï¼å®é
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They agreed to buy the house as it isï¼çæ ·åä»ä»¬åæä¹°é£ææ¿åã
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2. ä¸è¿å»äºå®ç¸åçå设ï¼è¿å»å®ææ¶ ä¸»å¥ç»æï¼{should(would)ç+have+è¿å»åè¯}
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3. 表示对å°æ¥ä¸å¤§åççæ¯çåæ³ãä¸è¬è¿å»æ¶ï¼were+ä¸å®å¼ï¼should+å¨è¯åå½¢ï¼ä¸»å¥ç»æï¼{should(would)+å¨è¯åå½¢ã
ä¾å¦ï¼If you succeeded ,everything would be all right.å¦æä½ å°æ¥æåäºä¸åé½ä¼å¥½çã
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