请大家给我介绍一下主语从句,宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句,表语从句,同位语从句的重点知识。谢谢!

我是个初中生,请大家简单地介绍一下,别粘贴,别写太多,一个从句介绍5,6句话就行。写好的有奖喔!!!!!!!!!!!!

主语从句:简单地说就是一个句子是主语。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。例句:What I say is right.我说的都是对的。如果是动词作主语的话要加上to或者-ing。

宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which(指事),who(指人)。
例句:The teacher told the children that the sun is round.这里需要注意时态。因为太阳是圆的是不可争的事实,所以主句的动词用is。
还有就是注意虚拟语气。

定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why等。that引导的定于从句要跟同位语从句要区分。定于从句记住一定是要做成分的,而同位语从句不做成分。
eg:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

状语从句可分为:时间状语从句;地点状语从句;原因状语从句;条件状语从句;目的状语从句;让步状语从句;比较状语从句;方式状语从句;结果状语从句。状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。
eg:While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.时间状语从句

表语从句:用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。表语从句一定要用陈述语序。不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外)。位于句首时要用whether。that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
eg:The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

同位语从句是名词性从句中的主要从句之一,它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。)
eg:He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

谢谢,给分吧!
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第1个回答  2011-01-19
都是我自己总结的。如果要更详细的,可以把你的邮箱给我,我发些课件给你。
英语复合句分为以下三类:
1. 名词从句分为:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。
因为四个从句都是起到名词的作用。
顾名思义,主语从句说明该句子在句中充当主语,其它依次类推。
2. 形容词性从句:定于从句,用于限定修饰名词。
它用分为限制性和非限制性定于从句。
3. 副词性从句:状语从句。
主要是9类:时间,条件,原因,结果,目的,让步,地点,比较,方式状语从句。

想理解复合句,关键要对句子成分要熟悉,同时要了解相应的连词。

以下是例句:
主语从句:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
It is not yet decided who will do that job. (it是形式主语)
宾语从句:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
The club will give whoever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
表语从句:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.
我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
同位语从句:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
定语从句:Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. (非限制性定于从句)
状语从句:
时间:When I was walking in the street, I saw him.
地点:Where I live there are plenty of trees.
方式:As water is to fish, so air is to man.
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
原因:I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。
目的:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
你必须大点声,别人就能听见了。
结果:The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。
条件: If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
让步:Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
虽然是个小孩,该做什么不做什么,他全知道。
比较:As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。

一定要采纳哦,都是我自己总结的。如果要更详细的,可以把你的邮箱给我,我发些课件给你。
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