什么是补足语

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

有主语补足语和宾语补足语：
1.主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语。
eg.They caught boy stealing.
被动语态 The boy was caught stealing.
stealing 即为主语补足语
被动语态后的主语补足语
对于主语补足语，语法家们各有不同的看法。有的把连系动词后面的部分称作主语补足语；有的又把被动语态后的补足语称作表语，与被动语态一起称作复合谓语。笔者通过教学体会到，还是把被动语态后面的补足语称作主语补足语好些。这是因为学生很容易接受“宾语补足语”，而如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
（A）名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
（B）名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
（C）名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
（D）名词/代词宾格 + 副词
What kept him abroad . 什么使得他呆在国外呢？
（E）名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
（F）名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
His mother kept him locked at home and went out .
2.宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
（A）名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
（B）名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
（C）名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
（D）名词/代词宾格 + 副词
What kept him abroad . 什么使得他呆在国外呢？
（E）名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
（F）名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
His mother kept him locked at home and went out .追问

有没有剪短一点的

追答

宾语补足语常用，所起作用就是补充说明动作的内容，方式等。主语补足语补充说明主语的状态，特征等。主要是这个意思。

Answer 2

一. 主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语。
eg.They caught boy stealing.
被动语态 The boy was caught stealing.
stealing 即为主语补足语
被动语态后的主语补足语
二.主语补足语的判别
1.看句中的动词是不是可接复合宾语，而且是不是被动语态，与此同时还要看其后部分的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语。
2. 另一种最简单的方法是：如果还不能看出来就可以把全句改成主动语态，加上一个主语we或people等。改成主动语态后，看后面是不是变成了“宾语+宾语补足语”了，这样我们就可以判别原句后面是不是主语补足语。
e.g.被动句：She was found reading in the library. (主语补足语) 主动句：We found her reading in the library. (宾语+宾语补足语)
三.主语补足语形式种种
1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。例如： ① The dog is called Karl. ② Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight. ③ He was found the right man for the job.
2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。例如： ① The door was painted white. ② The old man was found weak. ③ The classroom is always kept clean every day.
3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。例如： ① He is often heard reading English. ② The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab. ③ The glass was found broken. ④ The classroom was found crowded with people.
4.感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语。例如： ① He was seen to come upstairs. ② Ice is known to be in a solid state. ③ The spy was ordered to be hanged.
5. 介词短语用作主语补足语。例如： ① The books in the study must be kept in good order. ② He was found in good health. ③ English is considered of great importance for us.
6. as后面接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语。例如： ① English is taken as a useful means for research work. ② The news is considered as true. ③ The stool is usually thought as having four legs ④ The vase is thought as broken.
7. 由what引导的名词性从句用作主语补足语。例如： The boy has been made what he is.

Answer 3

主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语。 They caught boy stealing. 被动语态 The boy was caught stealing. stealing 即为主语补足语 被动语态后的主语补足语。

主语补足语的判别
1.看句中的动词是不是可接复合宾语，而且是不是被动语态，与此同时还要看其后部分的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语。 2. 另一种最简单的方法是：如果还不能看出来就可以把全句改成主动语态，加上一个主语we或people等。改成主动语态后，看后面是不是变成了“宾语+宾语补足语”了，这样我们就可以判别原句后面是不是主语补足语。例如： 被动句：She was found reading in the library. (主语补足语) 主动句：We found her reading in the library. (宾语+宾语补足语)