All these catalysts showed 100% selectivity for phenol without
any by-product being detected by GC.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the dissimilarities in the induction
period for these catalysts can be explained by either slow
formation of active peroxo intermediate species or taking longer
time to transfer oxygen to the substrate [4]. Once the active species
is generated, this is rapidly converted towards the products, but
acquires a steady state at different times.
Comparing the activity of our catalysts for hydroxylation of
benzene to the literature data: Fe–Al–SBA-15 [15], Fe3+, Cu2+, V4+–TiO2 [16],
Cu–ZSM-5 [17,18] and modified TS [19], however our
catalysts shows a higher or similar activity (except Bi-catalyst).
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