关于翻译我的疑问，你好专业呀，刚接触这个不是很懂，谢谢你的帮助

Question

Wimmer and Dominick (1997)point out that a data archive provides research data for measures not otherwise available or used for a specific purpose at the time of the research. Industry data can report on current situations for an immediately applied use,while in an archive form it provides retrospective data with which one can plot the growth and decline — and frequently predict the future status — of an industry or product category. Becker(1981) defines secondary analysis as the reuse of social science data after they have been put aside by the researcher who gather them. Benefits of the historical perspective suggest the data may help answer questions not originally posed by the researchers. Limitations of this approach include a lack of knowledge about the types of research questions which were investigated, how the data were collected, and the rigor of the sampling procedures or research design used.
Literature review
There are many archives from which such data can be found. Universities annually report to their state governing boards, and national figures are also available from federal resources.Studies of these reports are reported in the Chronicle of Higher Education and other academic publications.The Journalism and Mass Communication
Educator annual reports by Lee Becker and Gerald Kosicki provide breakdovwis of accredited and nonaccredited programs and compare current findings to the previous year's report.The report is based on self-reports of schools of journalism and mass communication administrators. That is, there may be programs located in other academic units, such as business, which may not be reported in these studies.

Answer 1

Wimmer and Dominick (1997)point out that a data archive provides research data for measures not otherwise available or used for a specific purpose at the time of the research.
维默尔和多米尼克（1997）指出，在研究的时候，数据档案提供没有别的方法可以获得的措施或者用于特定目的的研究数据。
Industry data can report on current situations for an immediately applied use,while in an archive form it provides retrospective data with which one can plot the growth and decline — and frequently predict the future status — of an industry or product category.
行业数据可以对当前形势作出迅速的实际应用报告，而档案的形式提供的是可追溯的数据，根据这些数据人们可以策划增长和衰落，并且频繁地预测一个产业或者产品类别的未来状况
Becker(1981) defines secondary analysis as the reuse of social science data after they have been put aside by the researcher who gather them.
贝克尔（1981）定义了第二种分析方法，研究者们把他们收集到的社会科学数据撇开后的数据的重新使用。
Benefits of the historical perspective suggest the data may help answer questions not originally posed by the researchers.
历史展望的优势在于暗示了数据可能会帮助解答那些研究者们最初没有提出的问题
Limitations of this approach include a lack of knowledge about the types of research questions which were investigated, how the data were collected, and the rigor of the sampling procedures or research design used.
这种方法的局限性包括：对于被调查研究的问题类型的知识的匮乏；数据如何被收集；以及抽样程序的精确和研究设计的应用

Literature review
文献综述
There are many archives from which such data can be found.
这样的数据可以在许多档案馆里面找到
Universities annually report to their state governing boards, and national figures are also available from federal resources.
高校每年都向他们所在的州管理委员会报告，国家的数据也可以从联邦的资源里获得
Studies of these reports are reported in the Chronicle of Higher Education and other academic publications.
这些报告的研究被高等教育纪事报和其他的学术性刊物报道。
The Journalism and Mass Communication
新闻与大众传媒
Educator annual reports by Lee Becker and Gerald Kosicki provide breakdovwis of accredited and nonaccredited programs and compare current findings to the previous year's report.
由Lee Becker 和Gerald Kosicki写作的教育工作者年度报告提供了公众认可的和公众不认可的项目，并那当前的调查结果和前一年的报告做对比。 （breakdovwis可能输入有误）
The report is based on self-reports of schools of journalism and mass communication administrators.
这份报告是建立在新闻学院和大众传播工作者的自我报告这一基础上的
That is, there may be programs located in other academic units, such as business, which may not be reported in these studies.
也就是说，有可能位于其他学术方面的项目，如商业，在这些研究中可能没有相关报告

希望对你有帮助追问

sampling is sometimes used in lieu of actual census-type data as data from programs which do
not self-report is omitted.The benefit of using data drawn from archival copies of the Where shall I go to study advertising and public relations?directory is that it counts degree-granting programs in advertising and public relations in units other than journalism/mass communication.

追答

sampling is sometimes used in lieu of actual census-type data as data from programs which do
not self-report is omitted.（这句话的后半句感觉语法有问题）
样本有时候被用来代替实际的人口普查类型数据 data from programs来自项目的数据；self-report is omitted 自我报告被省略了。
The benefit of using data drawn from archival copies of the Where shall I go to study advertising and public relations?directory is that it counts degree-granting programs in advertising and public relations in units other than journalism/mass communication.
使用从“我将去哪里学习广告学和公共关系学呢？”的档案副本中提取的数据的优势是它依赖于广告和公共关系学的学位授予项目而非新闻/大众传播学。

感觉英语原文多少有不完整的地方

希望对你有帮助

追问

这是从英文杂志摘下来的，我觉得好难理解啊。
Ross began publishing the directory in 1965 under the title Advertising programs in universities, adopting the title Where ……?in their second year. recognizing the growth of public relations in both industry and academe, a measure of public relations was added and the title altered to Where shall I go to study advertising and public relations?

追答

Ross began publishing the directory in 1965 under the title Advertising programs in universities, adopting the title Where ……?
1965年，罗丝开始以“大学里的广告学”为标题出版机构目录。采用这样的标题“哪里去……”
in their second year. recognizing the growth of public relations in both industry and academe, a measure of public relations was added and the title altered to Where shall I go to study advertising and public relations?
在第二年，（罗丝）认识到公共关系学在工业上和学院里的发展，增加了公共关系的权衡/测量，并把题目变为“我将去哪里学习广告学和公共关系学”

希望对你有帮助

追问

Data from the directory have been validated by use in academic journals and in popular scholarly texts. In addition,the authors recall the use of the directory in finding samples for many papers presented at the AEJMC annual conference as well as presenting their
own reports (see Johnson and Ross 1991).

追答

Data from the directory have been validated by use in academic journals and in popular scholarly texts.
目录里面的数据已经被确认，应用在学术期刊和受欢迎的学术文本里面。
In addition,the authors recall the use of the directory in finding samples for many papers presented at the AEJMC annual conference as well as presenting their
own reports (see Johnson and Ross 1991).
另外，作者们回忆起目录在查找样本方面的用途不仅为美国新闻与大众传播教育协会（AEJMC）年度会议上呈现的论文提供了便利，同时也为呈现他们自己的报告提供了便利。（参见约翰逊和罗丝 1991)

希望对你有帮助。麻烦请你一次性问完，或者再另外重新提问。不需要悬赏我也会回答的，这样不停的追问，我觉得很麻烦

来自：求助得到的回答

Answer 2

威默和多米尼克(1997)指出,数据档案提供研究数据可用的或使用措施否则为了特定的目的在当时的研究。工业数据可以报告,目前的情况为一个立即应用使用,而在一个存档形式它提供哪一个回顾性资料与情节消长与能预测未来——和频繁的身份地位——一个行业或产品类别。贝克尔(1981年)定义了二次分析社会科学数据的重用后由研究者的放在一边收取。历史的视角提出的好处的资料可以帮助回答问题并非所构成的研究人员。这种方法的局限性包括缺乏知识的问题的类型进行了调查研究,如何对数据进行采集、处理及严谨的抽样程序或研究设计使用。

Answer 3

文献综述
其中有从这些数据可以发现许多档案。高校每年报告其状态管理委员会，国家的数字也可以从这些报告的联邦resources.Studies可在高等教育和其他学术publications.The新闻与大众传播纪事报
李贝克尔和杰拉尔德Kosicki教育家年度报告提供的认证和nonaccredited方案breakdovwis和比较目前的研究结果与前一年的report.The报告是根据自身的新闻和大众传播管理员报告为基础的学校。也就是说，有可能是商业项目，如在位于其他学术单位，可能无法在这些研究报告