第1个回答 2008-03-27
用于酿造啤酒的酵母。多为酿酒酵母（Sac-charomyces cerevisiae）的不同品种。 E．C．Hansen（1883）开始分离培养酵母并将它用于酿造啤酒。丹麦Carlsberg酿造研究所的下面酵母是有名的。其它著名的啤酒酵母有德国的Saaz型下面酵母，英、日等国的上面酵母。细胞形态与其它培养酵母相同，为近球形的椭圆体，与野生酵母不同。啤酒酵母是啤酒生产上常用的典型的上面发酵酵母。除用于酿造啤酒、酒精及其他的饮料酒外，还可发酵面包。菌体维生素、蛋白质含量高，可作食用、药用和饲料酵母，还可以从其中提取细胞色素C、核酸、谷胱甘肽、凝血质、辅酶A和三磷酸腺苷等。在维生素的微生物测定中，常用啤酒酵母测定生物素、泛酸、硫胺素、吡哆醇和肌醇等。
啤酒酵母在麦芽汁琼脂培养基上菌落为乳白色，有光泽，平坦，边缘整齐。无性繁殖以芽殖为主。能发酵葡萄糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖和蔗糖，不能发酵乳糖和蜜二糖。
按细胞长与宽的比例，可将啤酒酵母分为三组。第一组的细胞多为圆形、卵圆形或卵形（细胞长/宽＜2），主要用于酒精发酵、酿造饮料酒和面包生产。第二组的细胞形状以卵形和长卵形为主，也有圆或短卵形细胞(细胞长/宽≈2)。这类酵母主要用于酿造葡萄酒和果酒，也可用于啤酒、蒸馏酒和酵母生产。第三组的细胞为长圆形(细胞长/宽＞2)。这类酵母比较耐高渗透压和高浓度盐，适合于用甘蔗糖蜜为原料生产酒精。
活性用途：
发酵各类酒
非活性用途：
医药类原料、饲料类蛋白源、医药试剂发酵蛋白源（简称发酵氮源）食品类营养品、第四代调味品原料（通过氨基酸呈味——可牛肉味、鸡肉味、虾味等）。
医药类【别名】干酵母、食母生
【简介】真菌类子囊菌纲酵母目内孢霉科啤酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen，以菌体入药。
【制法】经沉淀，洗净后，加入适量蔗糖，干燥，粉碎，压制成片。
【功能与主治】主治消化不良，腹泻及肠胃充气等症，可防治脚气病，多发性神经炎，糙皮病。
【用法与用量】每次服0.5～4克，1日3次，服时宜嚼碎。 Uses in brewing the beer the yeast. Many for brewers's yeast (Sac-charomyces cerevisiae) different variety. E.C.Hansen (1883) starts the isolated culture yeast and uses in it brewing the beer. Danish Carlsberg brews research institute's bottom yeast is famous. Other famous beer yeast has Germany's Saaz bottom yeast, country's and so on UK, date above yeast. The cellular form and other culture yeasts are the same, for near sphere's ellipsoid, is different with the wild yeast. The beer yeast is the beer produces the commonly used model above to ferment the yeast. Besides uses in brewing the beer, the ethyl alcohol and other drinks the cooking wine, but may also ferment the bread. The mycelium Vitamin, the protein content are high, may make edible, for medicinal purposes and the fodder yeast, but may also from withdraws cytochrome C, the nucleic acid, the Guguangantai, the hemoglutination nature, coenzyme A and three phosphoric acid adenosine and so on. In Vitamin microorganism determination, commonly used beer yeast determination biology element, pantothenic acid, Vitamin B-1, pyrrole duo mellow phaseomannite and so on. the beer yeast on the malt agar-agar culture medium the colony is a cream color, has the gloss, smooth, the edge is neat. Vegetative reproduction by budding primarily. Can ferment the glucose, the malt sugar, the galactose and the sucrose, cannot ferment the lactose and the melibiose. according to cell long and wide proportion, may divide into the beer yeast three groups. The first group of cell many are the circular, the egg circular or the oval (cell long/extends <2), mainly uses in the ethyl alcohol fermenting, brewing drinks the cooking wine and the bread production. Second group of cell shape by oval and long oval primarily, also has the circle or the short oval cell (cell long/wide ≈2). This kind of yeast mainly uses in brewing the grape wine and the ratafia, may also use in the beer, the liquor and the yeast production. The third group of cell is the oval (cell long/extends >2). This kind of yeast comparison bears the high osmotic pressure and the highly concentrated salt, suits in uses the sugar cane treacle for the material production ethyl alcohol. active use: Ferments each kind of liquor passive use: Medicine class raw material, the feed class protein source, the medicine reagent fermentation protein source (i.e. fermentation nitrogen source) food class nutriment, fourth generation of seasoning raw material (assume taste through amino acid - - to be possible beef taste, chicken taste, shrimp taste and so on). medicine class[alias]Dry yeast, zymogen [synopsis]Eumycetes ascomycetes yeast item in spore mildew branch beer yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen, is used as medicine by the mycelium. [facture]After precipitation, after the cleaning, joins the right amount sucrose, dry, the smashing, suppresses Large expanse. [function with mainly treats]Mainly treats the dyspepsia, the diarrhea and the stomach gasification and so on sickness, may prevent and control beriberi, polyneuritis, pellagra. [usage and amount used]Each time takes 0.5~4 gram, on 1st 3 times, the clothing chews appropriate to the occasion.
回答者： CAOJUJU_1984 - 进士出身 八级 3-23 13:40
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第2个回答 2008-03-27
用于酿造啤酒的酵母。多为酿酒酵母（Sac-charomyces cerevisiae）的不同品种。 E．C．Hansen（1883）开始分离培养酵母并将它用于酿造啤酒。丹麦Carlsberg酿造研究所的下面酵母是有名的。其它著名的啤酒酵母有德国的Saaz型下面酵母，英、日等国的上面酵母。细胞形态与其它培养酵母相同，为近球形的椭圆体，与野生酵母不同。啤酒酵母是啤酒生产上常用的典型的上面发酵酵母。除用于酿造啤酒、酒精及其他的饮料酒外，还可发酵面包。菌体维生素、蛋白质含量高，可作食用、药用和饲料酵母，还可以从其中提取细胞色素C、核酸、谷胱甘肽、凝血质、辅酶A和三磷酸腺苷等。在维生素的微生物测定中，常用啤酒酵母测定生物素、泛酸、硫胺素、吡哆醇和肌醇等。
啤酒酵母在麦芽汁琼脂培养基上菌落为乳白色，有光泽，平坦，边缘整齐。无性繁殖以芽殖为主。能发酵葡萄糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖和蔗糖，不能发酵乳糖和蜜二糖。
按细胞长与宽的比例，可将啤酒酵母分为三组。第一组的细胞多为圆形、卵圆形或卵形（细胞长/宽＜2），主要用于酒精发酵、酿造饮料酒和面包生产。第二组的细胞形状以卵形和长卵形为主，也有圆或短卵形细胞(细胞长/宽≈2)。这类酵母主要用于酿造葡萄酒和果酒，也可用于啤酒、蒸馏酒和酵母生产。第三组的细胞为长圆形(细胞长/宽＞2)。这类酵母比较耐高渗透压和高浓度盐，适合于用甘蔗糖蜜为原料生产酒精。
活性用途：
发酵各类酒
非活性用途：
医药类原料、饲料类蛋白源、医药试剂发酵蛋白源（简称发酵氮源）食品类营养品、第四代调味品原料（通过氨基酸呈味——可牛肉味、鸡肉味、虾味等）。
医药类【别名】干酵母、食母生
【简介】真菌类子囊菌纲酵母目内孢霉科啤酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen，以菌体入药。
【制法】经沉淀，洗净后，加入适量蔗糖，干燥，粉碎，压制成片。
【功能与主治】主治消化不良，腹泻及肠胃充气等症，可防治脚气病，多发性神经炎，糙皮病。
【用法与用量】每次服0.5～4克，1日3次，服时宜嚼碎。 Uses in brewing the beer the yeast. Many for brewers's yeast (Sac-charomyces cerevisiae) different variety. E.C.Hansen (1883) starts the isolated culture yeast and uses in it brewing the beer. Danish Carlsberg brews research institute's bottom yeast is famous. Other famous beer yeast has Germany's Saaz bottom yeast, country's and so on UK, date above yeast. The cellular form and other culture yeasts are the same, for near sphere's ellipsoid, is different with the wild yeast. The beer yeast is the beer produces the commonly used model above to ferment the yeast. Besides uses in brewing the beer, the ethyl alcohol and other drinks the cooking wine, but may also ferment the bread. The mycelium Vitamin, the protein content are high, may make edible, for medicinal purposes and the fodder yeast, but may also from withdraws cytochrome C, the nucleic acid, the Guguangantai, the hemoglutination nature, coenzyme A and three phosphoric acid adenosine and so on. In Vitamin microorganism determination, commonly used beer yeast determination biology element, pantothenic acid, Vitamin B-1, pyrrole duo mellow phaseomannite and so on. the beer yeast on the malt agar-agar culture medium the colony is a cream color, has the gloss, smooth, the edge is neat. Vegetative reproduction by budding primarily. Can ferment the glucose, the malt sugar, the galactose and the sucrose, cannot ferment the lactose and the melibiose. according to cell long and wide proportion, may divide into the beer yeast three groups. The first group of cell many are the circular, the egg circular or the oval (cell long/extends <2), mainly uses in the ethyl alcohol fermenting, brewing drinks the cooking wine and the bread production. Second group of cell shape by oval and long oval primarily, also has the circle or the short oval cell (cell long/wide ≈2). This kind of yeast mainly uses in brewing the grape wine and the ratafia, may also use in the beer, the liquor and the yeast production. The third group of cell is the oval (cell long/extends >2). This kind of yeast comparison bears the high osmotic pressure and the highly concentrated salt, suits in uses the sugar cane treacle for the material production ethyl alcohol. active use: Ferments each kind of liquor passive use: Medicine class raw material, the feed class protein source, the medicine reagent fermentation protein source (i.e. fermentation nitrogen source) food class nutriment, fourth generation of seasoning raw material (assume taste through amino acid - - to be possible beef taste, chicken taste, shrimp taste and so on). medicine class[alias]Dry yeast, zymogen [synopsis]Eumycetes ascomycetes yeast item in spore mildew branch beer yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen, is used as medicine by the mycelium. [facture]After precipitation, after the cleaning, joins the right amount sucrose, dry, the smashing, suppresses Large expanse. [function with mainly treats]Mainly treats the dyspepsia, the diarrhea and the stomach gasification and so on sickness, may prevent and control beriberi, polyneuritis, pellagra. [usage and amount used]Each time takes 0.5~4 gram, on 1st 3 times, the clothing chews appropriate to the occasion.
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