英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的一般时、进行时、完成时和完成进行时
其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的
一般现在时
1．概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2．时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays,
3．基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4．否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5．一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6．例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
现在进行时
1．概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2．时间状语：now,at this time,days,etc. look . listen
3．基本结构：be+doing
4．否定形式：be+not+doing.
5．一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6．例句：How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
现在完成时
(1) 现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态
现在完成时的这种用法通常与由since或for引导的时间状语连用。如：
The old man have lived here for more than twenty years.
老人已在此住了20多年了。
(2) 现在完成时表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作
[1] 现在完成时的这种用法有时不带时间状语，有时可以和already,before,ever,just,lately,never,once,recently,yet等一些所指时间不具体的时间状语连用。如：
Have you ever been to Australia? 你去过澳大利亚吗？
[2] 有时现在完成时和now,today,this morning,this week,this year等表示现在的时间状语连用。如：
I haven' t seen him today. 我今天没见过他。
I have seen him only once this year. 我今年只见过他一次。
(3) 现在完成时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来完成的动作
I'll go to the party as soon as (or when) I have finished my homework.
我完成作业后就去参加聚会。
(4) 现在完成时和until now,so far,in the past few years,up to the present等表示从某时到目前这段时间的状语连用 I have not heard from her so far. 到目前为止，我没有收到过她的信。
We have learned five hundred words up to the present.
到目前为止，我们已学了五百个生词。
但要注意：当意义明确时，适用现在完成时的句子可以不用时间状语。如：
He has done a lot of work. 他干了许多工作。
She has told me about her story. 她跟我讲过她的故事。
现在完成进行时
1．概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。
2．基本结构：have/has +been+doing
3．时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。
4．例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
(1) 现在完成进行时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或刚刚结束的动作
I've been writing letters all this morning.
我写了一上午信。（动作不再继续）
O'Neil is ill. He' s been lying in the bed for three weeks.
奥尼尔在病中，已卧床3个星期了。（动作会继续下去）
(2) 现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的重复性动作
现在完成进行时的这种用法所表示的并不是一直在进行的动作，而是断断续续地反复发生的动作。如：
What have you been doing all this time?
你一直都在干什么来着？（动作可能继续下去）
That reporter has been contributing articles to this magazine all these years.
这些年那个记者一直为这家杂志撰稿。（断断续续地反复发生的动作）
动词的过去时一般过去时
1．概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2．时间状语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
3．基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4．否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5．一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6．例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
过去进行时
1．概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2．时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3．基本结构 s+was/were+doing
4．否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing.
5．一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）
6．例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
过去完成时
1．概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2．时间状语：before,by the end of last year(term,month…),etc.
3．基本结构：had + done.
4．否定形式：had + not + done.
5．一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6．例句：As soon as we got to the station,the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
过去完成进行时
过去完成时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。如：
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这个东西，我找了好多天才找着。
The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.
电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。
He was tired. He'd been working all day.他累了。他工作了一整天。
After he'd been lecturing for half an hour,Professor Brown had a drink of water.
布朗教授讲了半小时课之后，他喝了一点水。
动词的将来时一般将来时
1．概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2．时间状语：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…，the day after tomorrow,etc.
3．基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.
4．否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。
5．一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6．例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
将来进行时
将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。常表示已安排好之事，给人一种期待感。如：
What will you be doing this time tomorrow?
明天这个时候你将做什么？
The train will be leaving in a second. 火车马上就开。
将来完成时
(1) 将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，往往对将来某一时间产生影响。如：
I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.
我将在本周末前读完这本书。
Before long,he will have forgotten all about the matter.
过不久，他很快就会把这件事全然忘记。
(2) 将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态。如：
By the time he graduates,he will have studied French for four years.
到他毕业的时候，他学法语就满四年了。
By the time Pierce comes back from the meeting,we will have waited here for three hours.
到皮尔斯开会回来的时候，我们已经在这儿等了三个钟头了。
过去将来时
(1) 过去将来时表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。如：
I thought he would come. 我以为他会来。
Jenny never imagined that she would become a doctor.
詹妮从没想到自己会当医生。
(2) 表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。如：
The old lady was fifty-eight then. In two years she would be sixty.
老太太当时五十八岁，再过两年就六十了。
I didn’t think they would have any objection to it.
我想他们不会有什么反对意见。
(3) 表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。如：
Whenever he had time,Harris would go to see his grandmother.
哈里斯一有时间就去看他奶奶。
Joanna would go for a walk after
参考资料：百科