广东省惠州市2008届高三第三次调研考试
英语试题
2008.1
本试卷共12页，四大题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
I 听力（共两节，满分35分）（略）
II 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
People wear hats for three main reasons: protection, communication, and decoration.
Protection. People first began to wear hats to 21 themselves from the climate. In hot, sunny climates, wide-edged hats provide 22 from the sun. In cold climates, people often wear wool hats. In some regions, people wear a variety of protective hats, 23 the season. They may wear a wool hat in winter, a rain hat in spring or fall, and a wide-edged hat in summer. Hats also provide protection in certain 24 . Construction workers, football players, military personnel, and people in many other fields wear metal or plastic helmets(头盔) for protection from 25 .
Communication. Hats can communicate various things about the people who wear them. The hats of coal miners, cowboys and firemen indicate the wearer's 26 . Students may wear a mortarboard(学位帽) to show they are graduating from high school or college.
Decoration. Most people wear a hat that they believe makes them look attractive, 27 the hat's main purpose may be protection or communication. Many protective hats are attractive and stylish. Even the caps of police officers and military personnel are designed to 28 the wearer's appearance. Certain decorative hats are worn as a(n) 29 . In Scotland, for example, people wear a cap called a tam-o'-shanter that is part of their national costume(服装). Many people change their style of hat from time to time because they feel more 30 when keeping up with the latest fashion.
21. A. defend B. protect C. prevent D. hide
22. A. shade B. shadow C. security D. cover
23. A. resulting from B. basing upon C. relating to D. depending on
24. A. seasons B. climates C. activities D. communities
25. A. injury B. destruction C. harm D. pollution
26. A. experience B. occupation C. personality D. education
27. A. as B. unless C. though D. because
28. A. change B. increase C. make D. improve
29. A. tradition B. label C. honor D. fashion
30. A. sociable B. informal C. attractive D. noble
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
Nowadays, millions 31 lonely singles are now going online instead. 32 World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world’s most popular matchmaker(媒人).
Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites(约会网址) is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene 34 (just lead) them from one bad experience to 35 and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone 37 you are not interested in. In the real world, 38 however, ignoring someone you don’t like can be difficult.
Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People aren’t always those who they declare to be in their online 39 (describe). Safety is another concern. You are just 40 (like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr. Or Miss Right.
III 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Many years ago my student asked me the question, "Mrs. Kindred, why do you teach?" Without taking time to reflect, I answered, "Because someday I might say something that might make a difference in someone's life." Even though I was sincere, that wasn't a very good answer and my student didn't let it slide.
"Let me get this straight," he said, "You went to college for four years so you could come here every day because you have the hope that someday you might say something that will influence someone?" He shook his head as if I were crazy and walked away looking confused. I'm one of those people who look back and wish they had said something smart or witty, or swift.
Even though that particular student might no longer wonder why I teach, there are days when I wonder. On those days, I remind myself of the real reasons I teach:
It's in my blood. My mother was my most influential teacher, and she was a 6th grade reading teacher until her death in 1990. She instilled(逐渐灌输) in me a love of reading and the knowledge that education opens doors.
Teaching is a way to make a difference. If you throw a stone in a pond the ripples go on and on until they reach the shore. You can't have ripples without a "stone." Good teachers throw stones that make a positive difference, and that's what I strive to do.
I genuinely love teenagers.
I want to share with others what I know and what I have learned through the years. Life is full of ups and downs, and if I can help students avoid some potholes on the road of life, I want to do so. If they'll allow me to celebrate their victories with them, I want to do too.
Teaching isn't for everyone, but I know I made the right career choice.
41. Why did the student continue to ask the question about the writer’s being a teacher?
A. Because he thought her answer was unbelievable.
B. Because the writer was insincere.
C. Because the student was naughty.
D. Because the answer was difficult to understand.
42. What do you think of the writer?
A. Stupid. B. Honest. C. Conservative. D. Polite.
43. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The writer’s mother has the greatest influence on her.
B. The writer’s answer made the student confused.
C. In the writer’s opinion, some people in the world are unfit to teach.
D. The writer annoyed the student who asked the question.
44. We can infer from the text that _________.
A. the writer was also a good teacher in school
B. the writer often plays with her students beside a pond
C. the writer devotes herself to teaching and her students
D. the writer often accompanies the students on their way home
45. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. A student’s silly question. B. A good teacher who likes students.
C. A confused student. D. The reason why I teach.
B
Among various programs, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style. But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and Oprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "rubbish talk". The topics on his show are as surprising as can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives.
Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes the TV talk show to its top. But Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality of life. Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.
Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main audience are middle-class Americans. Most of the people have the time, money and ability to deal with life's tough problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18-to 21year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, relationship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation.
46. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows are____.
A. more interesting B. unusually poplar C. more detailed D. more formal
47. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows ______.
A. show disbelief in them B. are ready to face up to them
C. remain cold to them D. are willing to get away from them
48. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?
A. A new type of robot. B. National hatred.
C. Family income planning. D. Street accident.
49. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows ____.
A. have become the only ones of its kind B. exploit the weaknesses in human nature
C. appear at different times of the day D. attract different people
50. What is the advantage of the Jerry Springer show?
A. The show exposes the dark sides of society.
B. The show pours poisonous waste into society.
C. Jerry sums up the whole idea of the show.
D. Jerry talks abou the improvement of society.
C
Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour.
The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the colour of a dark-striped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment(色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanosomes(黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour.
It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation(变异) in the gene for melanosome production. This results in less pigmented skin.
However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun(太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin colour, said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
51. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. people can not change their skin colour without any pain
B. the new discovery could lead to search into ways to change skin colour safely
C. pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin colour as he liked
D. scientists have found out that people’s skin colour is determined by the gene
52. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. nowadays people who want to change their skin colour have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment
B. Europeans and Africans have the same gene
C. the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer
D. there are two kinds of genes
53. Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebra fish in order to ________.
A. find the different genes of humans’
B. prove the humans’ skin colour is determined by the pigment gene
C. find out the reason why the Africans’ skin colour is dark
D. find out the ways of changing peopl’s skin colour
54. The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably that ________.
A. they are born light-skinned people
B. light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gen for melanosome production
C. they have fewer activities outside
D. they pay much attention to protecting their skin
55. The writer’s attitude towards the discovery is ________.
A. neutral B. negative C. positive D. indifferent
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
以下是请求帮助者的资料：
A. As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.
B. Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can't stop it. How badly he needs someone's help.
C. Mane, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn't know which bus to take. What's worse, since she does not know words, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.
D. "Helping hand" organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.
E. "Green Earth" cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don't know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth.
F. A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children's future.
以下是乐于提供资助的人员信息介绍。请匹配他们与所对应的资助对象。
56. Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
57. Ben: After graduation, I don't want to apply for a job at once Instead, I plan to spare one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I'll get valuable experience for my future career.
58. Susan : I'm a girl from England and has studied French for years. I'm here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.
59. Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people's problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I'm working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.
60. Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV programme. What a sight. They are only bone and skin left. What's worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.
IV 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 基础写作（共1小题，满分15分)
假设你们学校最近就你们所在的城市是否应该发展旅游业(tourism)作为研究性课程的内容进行课题讨论，请你根据下面所给出的要点提示，写一个在讨论会上的英语发言稿(讨论会将有外籍教师参加)。
[写作内容]
1. 发展旅游业给当地经济发展和人民生活带来的好处；
2. 旅游业过快发展的弊端；
3. 你的看法。
[写作要求]
1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；
2. 内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
第二节 读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150左右的英语短文。
Chinanews, Beijing, November 23 – China has a very long history, and of course a large number of historical towns. Their names have remained unchanged through the years, recording both culture and history of ancient China.
For example, Zhuozhou in Hebei Province is said to be the place where Liu Bei, Zhang Fei and Guan Yu of the Three Kingdoms era (220 - 280) swore to their romantic brotherhood, and also the hometown of several famous philosophers. Now the word Zhuozhou is not only a name, but also a symbol of culture.
The name of Wanxian County, Hebei Province, means “perfect and complete”. It was the frontier town in the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), and its name shows the ancient people’s good wish of protecting their territory. However, in 1993, an investor thought the name could imply “doom(厄运，劫数)”, and forced local government to change it into Shunping (smooth and peaceful).
“Some say it’s natural to change the names of ancient towns at present, I believe it is ridiculous to do so, as their names have so rich cultural and historical connotations(含义),” said Liu Baoquan, a researcher on the names of towns.
[写作内容]
1. 阅读该段文字，写一篇30左右的summary；
2. 在日常生活中，经常会有人觉得自己的名字不好而更改名字，对此人们有着不同的见解。根据你的所见所闻，
以Is it necessary to change your name为题写一篇120字的文章。文章的内容包括：
1）你自己或朋友改名的真实或虚构的经历；
2）改名后是否达到了你或你朋友的期望值？
3) 你对改名一事的看法。
[写作要求]
可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
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