第1个回答 2012-08-05
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ and numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east ofAustralia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversityof both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of uniquebird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans andintroduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
Polynesians settled New Zealand in 1250–1300 CE and developed a distinctiveMāori culture, and Europeans first made contact in 1642 CE. The introduction of potatoes and muskets triggered upheaval among Māori early during the 19th century, which led to the inter-tribal Musket Wars. In 1840 the British and Māori signed a treaty making New Zealand a colony of the British Empire. Immigrant numbers increased sharply and conflicts escalated into the New Zealand Wars, which resulted in much Māori land being confiscated in the mid North Island. Economic depressions were followed by periods of political reform, with women gaining the vote during the 1890s, and a welfare statebeing established from the 1930s. After World War II, New Zealand joined Australia and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty, although the United States later, until 2010, suspended the treaty after New Zealandbanned nuclear weapons. New Zealand is part of the intelligence sharing among the Anglosphere countries, the UKUSA Agreement. New Zealanders enjoyed one of the highest standards of living in the world in the 1950s, but the 1970s saw a deep recession, worsened by oil shocks and the United Kingdom's entry into the European Economic Community. The country underwent major economic changes during the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionistto a liberalised free-trade economy. Markets for New Zealand's agricultural exports have diversified greatly since the 1970s, with once-dominant exports of wool being overtaken by dairy products, meat, and recently wine.
The majority of New Zealand's population is of European descent; the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and non-Māori Polynesians. English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages, with English predominant. Much of New Zealand's culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. Early European art was dominated by landscapes and to a lesser extent portraits of Māori. A recent resurgence of Māori culture has seen their traditional arts of carving, weaving and tattooing become more mainstream. Many artists now combine Māori and Western techniques to create unique art forms. The country's culture has also been broadened by globalisation and increased immigration from the Pacific Islands and Asia. New Zealand's diverse landscape provides many opportunities for outdoor pursuits and has provided the backdrop for a number of big budget movies.
New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes; these have less autonomy than the country's long defunct provinces did. Nationally, executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. Queen Elizabeth IIis the country's head of state and is represented by a Governor-General. The Queen's Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory); the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing but in free association); and theRoss Dependency, which is New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Commonwealth of Nations, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and the United Nations.
第2个回答 2012-08-05
国家概况
新西兰（New Zealand），也称为纽西兰，国土面积为27万平方公里，以欧裔白人为主。居民中74%是英国移民后裔，15%是毛利人，而近年亚裔民族移民新西兰不断上升，其中包括中国、越南、日本等国人士。英格兰教会是新西兰最大的教派，信徒占总人口的35%，其次是长老会，占22%，大约有16%的人信奉罗马天主教。
新西兰的官方语言为英语，毛利语在部分地区也很通行。新西兰货币单位为新西兰元（New Zealand Dollar，简称NZ＄），KIWI（奇异鸟）是新西兰的国鸟，象征新西兰人热情好客的本性。第二大城市的惠灵顿是新西兰的首都。奥克兰是新西兰的第一大城市，哈密尔顿、基督城 、达尼丁等为较大城市。
地理位置
新西兰位于南太平洋，西隔塔斯曼海与澳大利亚相望，西距澳大利亚1600公里，东邻汤加、斐济，海岸线长6900千米。新西兰主要由南岛和北岛组成，库克海峡将两岛分开。新西兰还有许多较小的岛屿，全境多山，山地面积占全国面积的50%.南岛西部绵亘着雄伟的南阿尔卑斯山脉。库克峰海拔3764米，为全国最高峰。山区多冰川和湖泊；西部是丘陵，西南部是高原。北岛东部地势较高，多火山，中部多湖泊。湖的周围为平原，在平原上耸立着高达2797米的鲁阿佩胡火山，是北岛的最高点。
气候
新西兰四面环海，山峦起伏。全境属海洋性温带阔叶林气候。由于西风影响，西海岸年平均降水量为1000一3000毫米，南岛西南沿海地区可达5000毫米以上；东海岸仅500毫米。附近没有大片陆地影响气候变化，故冬夏季的气温相差甚少，仅10度左右。北岛的年平均气温大约为15℃，南岛的年平均气温大约为10℃。不同地区的气候特徵也各不相同，总的说来，越往北气温越高。北岛气候温和，常年绿草如茵。南岛气温较低，四季景色分明。新西兰的年平均降雨量在一千至两千毫米之间。新西兰地处南半球，季节变化与中国正好相反，九月至十一月为春季，十二月至下一年二月位夏季，三月至五月为秋季，六月至八月为冬季。
历史
毛利人在1000年前来到新西兰成为首批土著居民，一六四二年，荷兰探险家阿贝尔·塔斯曼发现了新西兰。一七六九年，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克来到这里，并以国王乔治三世的名义占领了新西兰。1840年，毛利人和英国皇室在新西兰怀唐伊镇签订了“怀唐伊条约”。该条约奠定了毛利人与新移民之间的合作关系，为毛利人和非毛利人共同居住在这个国家提供了依据，该条约也奠定了新西兰英式政制的基础。1907年新西兰成为英国的自治领地，1947年成为主权国家。本回答被网友采纳