时态和语态

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

主语+do/does

1.1.1习惯性的动作或存在的状态（常与频度的时间状语连总）

    表示频度的时间状语：always often usually generally sometimes rarely never 等

    例句：He always makes fun of me

    翻译：他总是嘲笑我

1.1.2主语的特征，状态，能力，品质等

    I enjoy swimming a lot

    我很喜欢游泳

1.1.3客观事实，普遍真理

    The sun rises in the east and sets in the west

    太阳东升西落

1.1.4安排和计划好将要发生的动作

    常用的动词：be come go start begin leave return end stop take等

    The sports meet takes place next week.

    运动会下周举行

1.1.5主将从现

    I will not go to the contryside if it rains tomorrow.

    如果明天下雨，我就不去乡下了

主语+动词过去式

1.2.1特定的时间状语：a momnet 、three days ago、last night、(the day before)yesterday等

    I bought a new house last week

    我上周买了新房子

shall/will + 动词原形

1.3.1一般表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态

    He will be 20 years old next year

    他明年就20岁了

1.3.2be going to + 动词原形

    主观打算做某事，或有迹象表明即将要发生的事情

    We are not going to stay here long

    我们不准备在这里久留

1.3.3be + 动词不定式

    表示安排、计划、约定、职责、义务、或要求将要发生的动作

    Your assignment is to be handed in next Tuesday

    你的作业下周二必须上交

1.3.4be about +动词不定式

    即将发生的动作，不可与表示将来的时间连用

    Be quiet.The film is about to start.

    安静点，电影马上就要开始了

1.3.5 be +现在分词（仅限位移动词）

    计划安排做某事

    位移动词：go leave come start begin arrive

    The plane is leaving for London

    这架飞机要飞往伦敦了

1.3.6 祈使句+and/or+陈述句（陈述句用一般将来时）

    Close the window,or you will catch a cold.

    关上这扇窗户，否则你会感冒的

am/is/are+现在分词

2.1.1现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的动作

    We are waiting for you at the school gate now

    我们现在在校门口正在等你

2.1.2与always forever constantly等副词连用，表示某种感情

     He is always thinking of others

    他总是为他人着想

2.1.3部分动词不能用于进行时态

    表感情：love,want,wish,like,hate

    表感觉感知：see,hear,taste,smell,appear.look.sound

    表理解、思考等心里活动：doubt,know,remeber,belive,foeget,understand

    表存在的状态：remain,exist,stay

    表所属关系:have,form,belong to

主语+was/were +现在分词

    I was reading a novel when you called last night.

    你昨天给我打电话时，我正在读一本小说。

主语+shall/will be+现在分词

    The time next will we will be lying on the beach of HaiNan.

    下个星期的这个时候，我们将正躺在海南的沙滩上

主语+have/has +过去分词

3.1.1固定结构

    1.表示第几次做某事

    This is the first time that the painting has displayed to the public.

    这是该画首次公开展出

    2 It/This is the best/worst/most/only....(adj.)+n.+从句（从句用现在完成时）

    This is the most intresting film I have ever seen.

    这是我看过最有趣的电影

3.1.2表示已经做完某事

    与不确定的时间状语连用：yet,already,just也与表频度的时间状语连用：often,never,sometimes

    I have just copied all the new words

    我刚抄写完所有的生词

3.1.3表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在，常与表示一段的时间状语连用

    so far(到目前为止），up to now(直到现在），（ever)since，for a long time，for the past few years ，all the time

    Up to now,we have not received any news from her

    到目前为止，我们还没有收到关于她的任何消息

3.1.4 since引导的时间状语从句一般过去时，主句用现在完成时

主语+had+过去分词​

3.2.1 It was + 一段时间+since从句 句型中，从句用过去完成时

    It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.

    我离开北京至少有三个月了

3.2.2 Hardly/Scarely...when 或 No sooner...than 句型中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时

    Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

    他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他

主语+shall/will have + 过去分词

3.3.1表示一个持续到将来某时或某动作发生之前的动作（如果句中出现了“by+ 将来时”构成的时间短语，用将来时）

    by the time （到…时候/位置）两种用法

    ①如果从句是一般现在时（表将来），那么主句常用将来完成时，表示截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作将已经完成

        By the time you get back ，I will have finished the housework.

        你回来的时候，我将已经做完家务了

②如果是一般过去时，那么主句通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成”，也就是动作发生在过去的过去。

        By the time he returned home，the rain had stopped.

        他回家的时候，雨已经停了

3.3.2表将来某时之前或动作发生之前已经完成动作

    I shall have finished the job by next Friday

    到下周五我将会完成这项工作

       I have been waiting for an hour，but the still hasn't turned up.

    我已经等了一个小时了，但他仍然没有来

    I didn't know you had been waiting for me

    我当时不知道你一直在等我

    She said her mother would come to see her

    她说她妈妈要来看她

    The plan was successfully carried out.

    这个计划被实施的很成功

    The streets are swept every day.

    马路每天都打扫

    1.3.1表静态的动词或词组，如：last,hold,benfit,contain,join,mean,consist of ,have ,belong to等

    Each game lasts about an hour.

    每场比赛都持续了大约一个小时

    1.3.2不及物动词，如：appear,die,happen,lie(躺）,remain,occur,come true,break out,take place等

    The fire broke out in the forest.

    森林爆发了一场火灾

主语+is/am/are+过去分词

    Smokers are warned that smoking is harmful to their health.

    吸烟者被警告，吸烟有害健康

主语+was/were +过去分词

    They were given a warm send-off last week

    上周他们收到了热烈欢送

一般将来时

主语+shall/will be +过去分词

    Traffic laws will be strictly enforced next month.

    下个月交通法规将被严格执行

主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词

    The matter is being looked into.

    这件事正在被调查中

主语+was/were+being+过去分词

    The hostipal was being built when I came last time.

    上次我来的时候，这家医院正在被修建中

主语+have/has +been +过去分词

    Many buildings have been completed in the city.

    这座城市已经建成了许多建筑

主语+had +been +过去分词

    He had been warned not to tell anyone about it.

    有人警告他不要告诉任何人

    主语+shill/will have been +过去分词

    The design will have been completed by the end of this week.

    到本周末，这个设计将被完成

主语+should/woulld have been +过去分词

    He said that Book One would have been finished by the end of that term

    他说到本学期末，这本书将被完成

主语+would/should been +过去分词

    He said that the dream would been realized someday

    他说有一天他的梦会被实现

     某些表主语品质或特质的

        Your pen writes very smoothly

        你的笔写起来很顺滑

     一些系动词的主动形式表被动意义

        feel ,look ,seem, taste,smeel,prove,remain

        This shirt felt much softer than that one

        这件衬衫摸起来比那件更柔软