(1)①
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d31b0ef41bd5ad6e5d58025982cb39dbb7fd3cdb?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,最长主链含有8个C,选取含有支链最多的碳链为主链,编号从右下方开始,在2、3、4、6号C各含有一个甲基,在3号碳含有一个乙基,该有机物命名为:2,3,4,6-四甲基-3-乙基辛烷,
故答案为:2,3,4,6-四甲基-3-乙基辛烷;
②
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/a71ea8d3fd1f4134c9b363cd261f95cad0c85ef8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,支链为苯,编号必须满足甲基的编号最后最小,该有机物命名为:1,2,4-三甲苯,故答案为:1,2,4-三甲苯;
(2)4-甲基-2-乙基-1-戊烯的键线式键线式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d50735fae6cd7b8910cd5c300c2442a7d8330edb?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d50735fae6cd7b8910cd5c300c2442a7d8330edb?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
与足量氢气加成后得到烷烃,碳碳双键变成单键,主链含有6个C,主链为己烷,在2、4号C各有一个甲基,该烷烃的命名为:2,4-二甲基己烷,故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d50735fae6cd7b8910cd5c300c2442a7d8330edb?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
; 2,4-二甲基己烷;
(3)
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dcbdb9e922ce11728b461028f8?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
中含有的官能团为酯基,该有机物分子中含有苯环,所以属于芳香化合物;丁基存在四种同分异构体,分别为:①-CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
3、②-CH(CH
3)CH
2CH
3、③-CH
2CH(-CH
3)
2、④-C(-CH
3)
3,先固定①,在另一位置分别放不同丁基①②③④,总共有4种情况,再固定②,另一个位置只能放②③④
(注意不能放①,前面有①②组合了,否则就重复了),然后再固定③,另一位置放③④(同样不能放①②、前面已经存在①③、②③组合),最后固定④,另一位置只能为④,所以总共含有的同分异构体数目为:4+3+2+1=10,
故答案为:酯基;芳香化合物;10.