被动语态
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态：
一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）
结构：主语
+
be
+
过去分词
时态：1.
一般现在时：
am
(is,
are)
done.
2.带情态动词的被动语态：must
(can,
may,
should,
need,
would)
be
done
3.
一般过去时：
was
(were)
done
*
4.
一般将来时：
will
(shall)
be
done
*
5.
现在进行时：
am
(is,
are)
being
done
6.
现在完成时：
have
(has)
been
done
二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。
1．主语
+
连系动词
+
表语
(S+V+P)
此结构不可用被动语态。
(正)
The
flowers
smell
sweet.
(误)
The
flowers
are
smelt
sweet.
2．主语
+
不及物动词
(S+V)
此结构不可变被动语态。
(正)
An
accident
happened
last
night.
(误)
An
accident
was
happened
last
night.
3．主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
(S
+
V+
O)
（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
Children
often
sing
this
song
This
song
is
often
sung
by
children.
（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。
We
should
listen
to
the
teachers
carefully.
The
teachers
should
be
listened
to
carefully.
4．主语
+
及物动词
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语
(S
+
V+
IO+
DO)
（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。
He
showed
us
a
picture
.
We
were
shown
a
picture.
（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.
常用加to的动词give,
show,
pass,
read等
常用加for的动词
buy,
get,
make,
sing,
draw
等
A
picture
was
shown
to
us.
A
dictionary
was
bought
for
me
by
my
parents.
5．
主语+及物动词
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
(S+
V+
O
+
C)
如动词为
make,
see,
hear,
watch
等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”
。
I
saw
him
fall
off
the
tree.
He
was
seen
to
fall
off
the
tree.
6.
"be
+
过去分词"
并非都是被动语态，系动词
be,
feel,
seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。
I'm
interested
in
mathematics.
我对数学感兴趣。
*7.
某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The
woman's
clothes
sell
well.
女装卖的快。This
book
sells
best.这本书很畅销.
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