第1个回答 2008-11-19
铸造模具用材料
铸造模具用材料可分别选用木材、可加工塑料、铝合金、铸铁、钢材等。
木模目前仍广泛应用于手工造型或单件小批量生产中，但随着环境保护要求和木材加工性能差的限制，取而代之的将是实型铸造。实型铸造以泡沫塑料板材为材料，裁减粘贴成模样，然后浇注而成铸件，该方法较之用木模，周期短、费用低。
塑料模的应用呈上升趋势，尤其是可加工塑料的应用日益广泛。
铝合金模由于重量轻尺寸精度较高，因此应用较广泛。但近来应用有减少趋势，部分已被塑料模和铸铁模所取代。
铸铁模是大批量铸造生产的首选，并被大量使用。它具有强度高、硬度高、加工性好、成本低、使用寿命长等优点。近几年来，由于铸造水平的提高，已有越来越多的模样、模底板、型板框等采用强度和耐磨性更高的球铁或高强度合金灰铸铁制作，而耐热疲劳性能更好的蠕墨铸铁也被用于制作热芯盒材料。
钢材以往在砂型铸造模具上主要用于制作标准件及结构件，较少用于制作铸造模具本体，因为碳钢使用寿命并不高于球铁或低合金灰铸铁，而合金钢又十分昂贵。随着模具加工技术的提高及对铸模尺寸稳定性要求的提高，一些模具钢、铬钼合金钢，如H13钢，也开始用于制作热芯盒和铸模本体。在压铸模具中衬模材料早期主要采用3Cr2W8V，近年来较多地采用H13、瑞典的8407、DIVER等热作模具钢。压铸模具其他部分材料有碳钢、工具钢，也有一些铸铁。
模具型腔材料的重大改进，新的钢种也会有所进展。压铸模具由于其工作状态的苛刻性，对于材料有较高的要求，世界上发达国家都采用优质H13钢，国外模具钢厂直接以优质H13钢模块供应用户，不但方便用户，缩短用户的模块备料周期，更重要的是能确保模块的质量。由于国产H13模块材质得不到保证，影响了模具企业的生产，进口的H13钢价格远远高于国产钢材，为了降低模具制造成本，极待开发国产优质压铸模具用钢。
Die Casting materials
Die Casting materials can be selected timber, Machinable plastic, aluminum, iron, steel and so on.
Wood model is still widely used in hand-style one-piece or small batch production, but with the requirements of environmental protection, and timber processing poor performance limitations, will be replaced by the EPC. EPC order for the foam sheet materials, reduction of paste into shape, and then pouring from the casting, compared with the methods used wooden mold, short, low-cost.
The application of plastic on the rise, especially plastic Machinable the increasingly wide range of applications.
Light weight aluminum alloy die because of the higher dimensional accuracy, the wider application. However, the recent application of a downward trend, some of the cast iron and plastic has been replaced by model.
Mold is a large cast iron foundry of choice for the production, use and a large number. It has a high intensity, high hardness, good processing, low-cost, long-life advantages. In recent years, due to the casting level, more and more like, bottom-mode, frame type, such as using higher strength and wear resistance of ductile iron or high-strength alloy cast iron production, and heat fatigue The better performance of graphite cast iron have been used for the production of hot-box material.
In the past, steel, sand casting molds for the production of standard parts and pieces of the structure, less casting molds for the production of body, because life is not higher than that of carbon steel or low-alloy ductile iron gray cast iron, steel and very expensive. With the mold processing technology to improve the dimensional stability and mold on the request of the increased number of die steel, Cr-Mo alloy steel, such as H13 steel, have begun to be used to produce heat and mold-box body. In the die-casting molds in the lining of the main mode of early material used 3Cr2W8V, in recent years, more use of H13, Sweden, 8407, DIVER, such as hot die steel. Other parts of the die-casting mold materials are carbon steel, tool steel, some cast iron.
Mold cavity of the significant improvements in materials, new types of steel will be some progress. Die-casting mold because of its harsh working conditions, higher material for the requirements of the world's developed countries to adopt high-quality H13 steel, foreign steel mold directly to high-quality H13 steel supply module users, user-friendly not only to shorten the user module Preparation cycle, but more importantly module to ensure quality. As the China-made module H13 material can not be guaranteed, the impact of mold production, imports of steel H13 is much higher than the price of domestic steel, in order to reduce the mold manufacturing costs, to be developed very high-quality die-casting molds made of steel.