求问如何学习初中英语中的定语从句

如题所述

上传: 罗仕贤 更新时间:2012-5-17 20:35:19 定语从句是初中英语语法教学的一个难点,同时也是初中英语教学的重点它是一个常见的语言现象,在历届中考试题中也经常出现 并且广泛分布于单选 完型填空和阅读甚至短文改错等各种题型当中因此,对于初中阶段的学生来说,学好定语从句对中考乃至将来的高考都是十分重要的下面是笔者根据多年的教学经验得出的点滴体会
一 要准确理解定语从句的概念在复合句中用于限定或修饰名词 代词的从句叫做定语从句,被定语从句所限定或修饰的名词代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词之后 我们来看这样一个句子: this is the engineer who give usa talk on science and technology(这就是要给我们作关于科学学术报告的工程师)这句话中 who give us a talk on scienceand technology 就是定语从句,修饰先行词engineer,从句中的 who 是关系代词,引导定语从句
二 理解定语从句的构成
关系代词或副词+陈述句其中关系代词有: who, whom, whose, which, that, as 等,关系副词有: when, where, why 等 关系代词在句中有双重功能:
(1)代表前面所修饰的先行词,将从句和主句连接起来;
(2)在定语从句中充当句子成分例如上面的例句中关系代词 who ,它一方面起连接先行词和定语从句的作用,另一方面在从句中充当主语成分,在句子中不能翻译成为 谁 ,而相当于 的
三 掌握引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的用法
(一)由 who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句的用法
在这类定语从句中,当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人的时候用 who, whom 和whose, who 充当主语或宾语的成分,但多作主语, whom 充当宾语,而 whose 充当定语关系代词作主语时定语从句中谓语的数取决于先行词的数 例如:
(1) this is the thief who stole mybike 这就是偷我自行车的那个贼 (2) he is the boy whom you wantedto find 他就是你想要找的那个男孩
(二)由that which 引导的定语从句当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物的时候,用关系代词that which,当然that可以指人也可以指物,当作物的时候可以和 which替换使用,在从句中作主语或宾语 例如: (1) the comrade that (who) is speakingat the meeting is an advanced worker 正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人 (2) is this the doctor that(whom) youtalked about yesterday?这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗?
(三)由 when, where and why 引导的定语从句 它们引导定语从句时,分别在句子中作时间状语地点状语和原因状语 where在从句中作地点状语, when 在从句中作时间状语, why 在从句中作原因状语 如:
(1) i will never forget the day when ijoined the league 我永远忘不了我入团的那一天
(2) he will go back to the schoolwhere he studied next week 下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校同时注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词 引导的从句替换
(1) the reason why/for which herefused the invitation is not clear.
(2) from the year when/in which hewas going to school he began to knowwhat he wanted when he grew up.
四 注意掌握初中英语语法 定语从句 中的一些特殊情况
(一)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he oncestudied in is very famous.(2) the school in which he oncestudied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here amagazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here amagazine for which you asked.注意: 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如: look for, look after, take careof 等 (1) this is the watch which/that i amlooking for. (t) (2) this is the watch for which i amlooking. (f)
(二)只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1)当先行词为 anything ,nothing ,everything, the one, all, much, few, any, little只用 that,不用 which 例如: you shoulddo all that is useful to yourself.
(2)当先行词为 the only, the very, thesame, the last, just 修饰时,只用that 例如:this is the last place that i want to visit.
(3)先行词为序数词 形容词最高级时,只用 that 例如:this is your secondtime that you tell us the story.
(4)先行词既有人,又有物时we talked about the things andpersons that we were interested in. (三)不能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1)在引导非限定性定语从句时last night i saw a very good film,which was about the anti-japanese war
(2)介词后不能用we depend on the land from whichwe get our food.we depend on the land that/which weget our food from
四 如何判断关系代词与关系副词用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如: this is the mountain village where istayed last year. i never forget the days when iworked together with you.判断改错(错) this is the mountain village wherei visited last year.(错) i will never forget the days wheni spent in the countryside.(对) this is the mountain village (which ) ivisited last year.(对) i never forget the days (which)i spent in the countryside.
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