代词、It的用法
一、代词考点透析
1．人称代词的主格、宾格，两种物主代词及反身代词。
人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语。形容词性物主代词作定语，即其后必须有一个名词。名词性物主代词在句中的作用相当于一个名词，可作主语、宾语、表语等，其后没有名词。反身代词在主语、宾语、表语后作这些成分的同位语，意为“亲自”、“亲眼”、“某某本人”。在语法填空中，这个知识点出现的频率相当高。如：
(1)It was John himself that put him in trouble.
是约翰本人自找麻烦。
(2)You can believe me.I saw it myself．
你可以相信我，我亲眼看见的。
2．one，ones，the one，that，those可以代替前面出现的名词，以避免重复。one＝ a＋名词单数，the one＝the＋名词单数，that＝the＋名词单数。ones，those代替前面的名词复数，those ＝the＋名词复数。one，ones前可以有形容词修饰。如：
(1)I don't like this skirt.I like the red one.
我不喜欢这条裙子，我喜欢那条红色的。
(2)I'm planning to buy a house.I'd like one with a garden.
我正计划买房子，我想买座带花园的。
(3)The population in Guangzhou is bigger than that in Changsha.
广州人口比长沙多。
(4)I prefer the apples in the basket to those in the box.
我宁愿要篮子里的苹果，也不愿要那些盒子里的苹果。
3．none，nothing，nobody(no one)的区别。
none既可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，回答how many，how much等问题；nobody(no one)只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答who引起的问题；nothing只能指物，常回答what引起的问题。另外，no one后不带of短语，none后可带of短语。
4．few，a few，quite a few，many修饰可数名词；little，a little，quite a little，much修饰不可数名词。
5．another，the other，others，other，the others的区别。
another泛指另一个；the other特指两个中的另一个；others泛指“其他”，后不带名词；other后带名词复数；the others指特定范围中其他的人或物，后不带名词。如：
(1)This coat doesn't fit me.Will you show me another?
这外套不合身，请拿另一件给我看看好吗？
(2)Thirty students in our class are girls，and the others are boys.
我们班三十人是女生，其余的是男生。
6．注意下列句型：
One...the other...
一个……另一个……
Some...others...and still others...
有的……有的……还有的……
7．not 与all，everybody，everyone，everything等连用，或“not every＋名词”结构，都表示部分否定。如：
(1)Not all the students agree with this opinion.
并非每个学生都同意这个观点。
(2)Not everyone is interested in football.
并不是每个人都对足球感兴趣。
(3)Not every boy likes smoking.
不是每个男孩都喜欢吸烟。
8．everyone表示某一范围内的每个人，anyone意为任何人。如：
Everyone of Class 17 is for the idea to go outing.
17班的每个人都赞成郊游。
Anyone with common sense knows it is impossible.
任何有常识的人都知道这是不可能的。
Ⅰ.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的代词。
1．When I was a child in 1970s，my family was very poor，just like other average families in the countryside.The secondhand clothes，rainleaking roof of old house became part of________memory.
2．In the early years of 1980s...my childhood dream came true.And then，________dream became clearer and clearer in my mind.I must try my best to escape out of my poor and backward hometown.
3．The little boy pulled________right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it.
4．He seldom finished his work because he repeatedly checked with me to be sure he hadn't made a mistake.I tried my best to build up________selfconfidence.
5．Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age，but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by________bright and shining qualities.
6．An increase in employment opportunities for women would increase________household power，the report said.
7．If you don't put________heart into studies，you tend to fall behind the ________students in your class.
8．Do you want me to come________Friday or next Friday?
9．I think you'll find________chairs more comfortable than those ones.
10．________ student caught cheating in examinations will be severely punished.
11．Some of my classmates are diligent while the ________ones are quite lazy.
12．God helps________people who help themselves.
13．Which style do you prefer？This one or ________one?
14．The eraser was passed from one student to ______one and it finally returned to the teacher.
15．I pay a visit to my relatives every two months.That's to say, I visit my relatives every________month.
16．There are stores on________side of the street.In other words，stores line________sides of the street.
17．I borrowed two magazines from Tom the other day, but I regretted reading them because I found ________book was interesting or educational.
18．Salaries are much higher here than________in my country.
19．There is no________thing as a free lunch in the world.
20．There is________in his words.We should have a try.
Ⅱ.在下文空白中填入恰当的代词。
“Without the ball, I'm half complete of 1.________，”Luis Figo, one of the world's greatest football players once said.
The Portuguese played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.
He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing 2.________ one hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30，000 fans watched and cheered for 3.________ in Lisbon.“Figo, Figo，” 4.________ (all, both) shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.
The Real Madrid player, 31, wants to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win 5.________ (another, other) Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 60.1 million dollars in 2000, and he showed 6.________ (everyone, anyone) what a great player he was by winning FIFA's Footballer of the Year award in 2001.
“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player，” said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001. “Figo 7.________ is a real leader 8.________ always tries his best on the field and a good team player. He doesn't have any problems working together with his teammate at Real Madrid, star footballer David Beckham.” In fact, Figo was the first 9.________ to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team, and we can help one 10.________ and work together to be successful，”Figo said.
答案：
Ⅰ.1.my2.another3.his4.his5.their6.their
7．your；other8.this9.these10.Any11.other
12．those13.that14.another15.other16.either；both17.neither18.those19.such20.something
Ⅱ.1.myself2.his3.him4.all5.another
6．everyone7.himself8.who9.one
10．another
Ⅲ.下列各句都有一个错误，请改正。
1．The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.
2．To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the another.
3．Niki is always full of ideas, but no one is useful to my knowledge.
4．How would you like if you were watching TV and someone came into the room shouting loudly!
5．The book is of great value. Everything can be enjoyed unless you digest it.
6．Today's hospitals are different from that of the past.
7．Given one more week, I'll get anything ready.
8．Mr.Rod prefers a restaurant in a small town to the one in so large a city in Beijing.
9. The ties are all too expensive so I'd like to buy one.
10．I used to travel to Canada and was surprised at it's rich natural resources.
答案：
1．than后加that
2．another→other
3．no one→none
4．like 后加it
5．Everything→Nothing
6．that→those
7．anything→everything
8．the one→one
9．one→none
10．it's→its
二、it的用法考点透析
(一)it作为代词，与one，that的辨析
1．it
特指，代替单数可数名词，一般代替一个具体的事物，不带修饰成分。
(1)用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物。
－What's this？－It's a pen.
——这是什么？——钢笔。
(2)代替指示代词this，that。
(3)表示时间、天气、距离、季节、明暗等。
How far is it to New York? It's 400 kilometers.
纽约有多远？ 400公里。
2．one
(1)泛指，代替前面出现过的名词单数，避免重复。(用ones代替前面出现过的复数名词)。可用this/that/each/which及形容词修饰，也可与冠词连用，或带后置定语。如：
He has no child，and he wants to adopt one.
他没有孩子，想认养一个。
(2)作不定代词时，可以泛指人，意为“一个人，一种人”。如：
One should do one's duty.
人人应该尽责。
比较：There was a piano in the shop，so I decided to buy it at once.
店里有一架钢琴，我决定立刻买下来。
(it 特指上文出现的piano, 与piano是同一事物)
I wanted to buy a house and I'd like one with a garden.
(one＝a house)
我想买个带花园的房子。
There are many good flats for you to choose.Would you like to buy one?
有许多公寓让你选择，你要买一套吗？
(one＝a flat, one 指many good flats中的一个)
3．that
代替单数可数名词或代替不可数名词，只可带后置定语。只能代替物，不能代替人。those可指人，也可指物。在比较状语从句中，特指前面提到的同一类东西。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
上海的人口多于北京。
(二)it作为引导词
1．it 指时间时的重要句型
(1)It is (high) time (that) 主语＋should do/did sth.
It is (high) time that this problem was solved.
是时候解决这个问题了。
(2)It is...since...
It is two years since he came to work in this city.
自从他来到这个城市工作已经两年了。
(3)It be...before...
It will be three years before we can meet again.
我们要三年才能相见。
2．it 作形式主语的常用句型
(1)It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.to do sth.
It was difficult for her to move so heavy a box.
叫他搬这么重的箱子有点难。
(2)It is/was＋adj.＋that...
It was clear that he was lying to us.
很明显他在对我们说谎。
(3)It is＋Ved＋that...
It is reported that our team has won the gold medal.
据报道我们队获得了金牌。
(4)It seems/appears/happens that...
It seemed that he had known the truth.
看来他已经知道了真相。
It so happened that I was standing at the gate when the guests arrived.
客人到的时候我碰巧就站在门口。
(5)It matters/doesn't matter that...
It matters a lot whether he will agree to our plan.
他是否同意我们的计划关系重大。
(6)It is no use/no good/no harm doing sth.
It's no good arguing with him.
与他争吵没好处。
3．it作形式宾语的常用句型(S代替主语，V代替谓语动词)
(1)S＋V＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
We consider it a great honor to be able to host the 2008 Olympic Games.
我们认为能举办2008奥运会是极大的荣幸。
(2)S＋V＋it＋adj./n.＋doing sth.
They find it no use searching the empty house.
他们发觉搜寻这座空房子没用。
Do you consider it any good trying again?
你认为再试一次没有任何好处？
(3)主语＋谓语＋it＋that/when...
I don't like it when you shout at me.
我不喜欢你对我大喊大叫。
4．强调句：It is/was＋被强调成分＋who/that...
如：可对下列句子中四处画线部分进行强调。
We saw Tom in_the_park yesterday．
我们昨天在公园看见汤姆。
It was we who/that saw Tom in the park yesterday.(强调人，可用who或that)
是我们昨天在公园看见汤姆的。
It was Tom whom/that we saw in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)
昨天我们在公园看见的是汤姆。
It was in_the_park that we saw Tom yesterday.(强调地点)
我们昨天是在公园看见汤姆的。
It was yesterday that we saw Tom in the park.(强调时间)
我们是昨天在公园看见汤姆的。
温馨提示：
(1)It is...that 不能用来强调谓语动词，强调动词要用“do＋动词原形”。如：
Do come early tomorrow.
明天一定要早点来。
The little boy did work out the problem.
小男孩的确做出了那个题目。
(2)强调时间、地点、某个事物时都要用that，而不能用when，where，which。
Ⅰ.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词。
1．Sarah made ________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
2．No matter where he is, he makes ______a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
3．If you're buying today's paper from the stand, could you get________for me?
4．She said that ________ was very important to make the students understand the rule.
5．________was high time that we should settle the argument.
6．________was in the school library that I met the famous scientist.
7．The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ________．
8.We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose __________ based on your own interests.
9．—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
—What do you think of ________ over there?
10．Surprisingly, Susan's beautiful hair reached below her knees and made________almost an overcoat for her.
Ⅱ.在下文空格中填入适当的代词。
My Name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. Today is my first day at Senior High school and I'm writing down my thoughts about it.
1．new school is very good and the classrooms are amazing. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms. Shen, whose method of teaching is nothing like 2.of the teachers at my Junior High school.3.thinks that reading comprehension is important, but 4.speak a lot in class, too. I don't think I will be bored in Ms. Shen's class!
Today we introduced 5.to each other in groups.6.were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and 7.was really nice. Ms. Shen gave 8.instructions and then we worked by ourselves. Ms. Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting with spelling games and other activities.9.________of us like her attitude very much.
There are sixtyfive students in my class, fortynine of whom are girls. In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys.10.say that girls are usually
more hardworking than boys, but in this class，everyone is hardworking!
Ⅲ.请根据以下内容写一篇关于Lucy的短文
事件
露茜没有通过英语口语考试，这是很令人惊奇的，她不相信是真的。真遗憾，她竟然没有通过考试
原因
正是她的懒惰导致了她考试失败
打算
意识到努力学习、勤奋操练是很重要的，此后她更加努力学习
现状
她发现练习说英语很有趣而且也很有用，她喜欢自己能说流利的英语
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加情节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
Ⅰ.1.herself2.it3.one4.it5.It6.It7.it
8．one9.that10.itself
Ⅱ.1.My2.that3.She4.we5.ourselves6.Some/We7.it8.us9.All10.They
Ⅲ.
答案：
It was very surprising that Lucy didn't pass her oral English test, and she couldn't believe it.However，it is a great pity that she should fail in the test.In fact, it was her laziness that led to her failure in the test.Thus, she realized that it was important for her to work hard and practise more, so she has been working hard ever since. Now she finds it interesting and helpful to practise speaking English and she likes it when she speaks fluent English
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