according to的意思是什么呢?

如题所述

这两个短语虽然经常可以互换,但是意思上还是有些许不同的,所以我们在使用这些短语时应多加小心。

“According to…”通常在你要重述你从某人那儿听到的内容、你听说的内容或者在某处读到的内容时使用。这个短语通常用于新闻报道。例如:

According to the clerk we spoke to when we telephoned the supervisory authority this morning, the application was filed last week.

这个短语可以用于引入可能并不真实的信息:

According to the state news agency, the number of demonstrators did not exceed 1,000. However, the organisers of the protest say there were at least 100,000 people on the march.

这个短语也可以用于引入传闻:

According to Annabel, Tom wants to dump Sarah because he really fancies Emma.

“In accordance with…”用于更为正式的情景,引入依据内容。在法律文本中,这个短语用于说明与法律或合同一致的内容。这个短语不得用于引入可能并不真实的信息。例如:

In accordance with Article 72 of the Act, employees of the Company have the right to form a representative body.

In accordance with §12 of Ms Horvath’s employment contract, she is employed for a fixed period of time – 3 years.

我们常见的一种情况是,人们在应该使用“in accordance with”的时候却使用了“according to”。请尽量确保在正确的情景下使用正确的短语。

在某些情况下,或者在“in accordance with”语气太过强烈时,可以用“under…”代替“in accordance with”:

Under the new provisions, employers are obliged to inform all employees about which employees are responsible for evacuating the building.

Under / In accordance with a general rule of the Pharmaceutical law, the sponsor and the investigator are responsible for damage resulting from conducting a clinical trial.

“pursuant to…”虽然通常用于表示与“in accordance with”或“under”相同的意思,但是有人认为“pursuant to...”具有不同的含义,即“further to”(早前的;之前的;前面的) / “as a follow up to”(后续的)。不管是哪种不同的含义,“pursuant to”已经变得非常不受欢迎,所以您可以选择永远都不用这个短语。

在此类从句之后,用一个逗号进行分隔

我建议你在此类从句之后用上一个逗号。例如:

According to recent government statistics, unemployment has risen from 3% to 5% over the last 12 months.

这是因为,“according to / in accordance with”从句结束位置和主句的开始位置往往不清楚。请看一下下面这个例子:

In accordance with the draft settlement we were provided with the severance payment provided in § 8 sec. 4 of Mr Price’s employment contract will be paid in January 2011.

在“provided with”之后加一个逗号可以给读者提供帮助,而在“settlement”之后加逗号会让整个句子陷入混乱,我想你会同意我这个观点。
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