虽三者均表示花费所用主语同:cost
主语通事或物(包括形式主语
it)能;spend
主语能能事或物;take
主语事或物(包括形式主语
it):
The
computer
cost
(me)
$2000.
台电脑花(我)
2000
美元
It
costs
$1000
a
year
to
run
a
car.
使用辆车每要花1000美元
I
have
spent
all
day
looking
for
you.
我花整找
It
took
me
an
hour
to
write
the
letter.
我写封信花
The
letter
took
me
an
hour
(to
write).
(译文同)
I
took
an
hour
to
write
the
letter.
(译文同)
注:若
cost
表示花费表示客观或耗费则用作主语:
Smokers
cost
the
government
a
lot
of
money
every
year.
抽烟每要耗费政府少钱
二、根据宾语辨析
cost
宾语通钱take
宾语通间
spend
宾语则间或钱:
How
much
did
it
cost
to
build
the
bridge?
建座桥花少钱?
It
took
her
two
hours
to
walk
to
the
station.
走路车站花两
He
spends
much
time
(money)
on
books.
花间读(钱买)书
注:cost
用于间通用于笼统间(般用于具体明确间):
Making
experiments
like
this
costs
much
time
and
labour.
做实验要花间劳力
按传统语take
宾语通间现代英语用钱作其宾语现象已普遍:
It
takes
a
lot
of
money
to
buy
a
house.
买座房要花笔钱
三、根据句型辨析
句型结构看三者通句型:
sth
costs
(sb)
money
某物花某少钱
it
costs
(sb)
money
to
do
sth
做某事花某少钱
sb
spends
time
(money)
on
sth
某某面花少钱
sb
spends
time
(money)
in
[on]
doing
sth
某做某事面花少钱
it
takes
sb
time
(money)
to
do
sth
=
it
takes
time
(money)
for
sb
to
do
sth
做某事花某少间或钱
sth
takes
sb
time
(money)
to
do
某事花某少间或钱做
sb
takes
time
(money)
to
do
某花少间或钱做某事
四、根据语态辨析
三者表示花费cost
能用于语态take
通用于语态
spend
则用于语态:
误:Thirty
dollars
was
cost
by
the
coat.
误:Two
hours
was
taken
to
do
the
work.
:Two
hours
was
spent
on
the
work.
做工作花两
五、根据引申义辨析
三者均用于比喻用含义同:
1.
cost
指付代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、命等):
Careless
driving
will
cost
you
your
life.
粗车要命
Just
ring
him
up.
It’ll
cost
you
nothing.
给打电费事
2.
spend
表示消耗用完:
I’ll
spend
no
more
breath
on
him.
我再费唇舌
He
spent
great
efforts
to
help
me.
费劲帮我
3.
take
表示需要力(精力、劳力等):
It
takes
patience.
做工作需要耐
It
takes
two
to
make
a
quarrel.
巴掌拍响
It
took
three
men
to
lift
the
box.
抬箱要
3
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