什么是智能卡?
A Smart Card is a plastic card the size of a credit card with an integrated circuit built into it.智能卡是一个塑料卡与信用卡大小的集成电路建成. This integrated circuit may consist only of EEPROM in the case of a memory card, or it may also contain ROM, RAM and even a CPU.这可能是唯一的集成电路EEPROM在这样一个记忆卡或者也可能含有光盘存储器,甚至CPU的.
Most smart cards have been designed with the look and feel of a credit or debit card, but can function on at least three levels (credit - debit - personal information).大多数智能卡已与外观设计的信用或借记卡但至少能在三个层次(信用借记个人资料). Smart cards include a microchip as the central processing unit, random access memory ( RAM ) and data storage of around 10MB.包括智能卡芯片作为中央处理器,随机存取记忆体(RAM的)和数据存储10mb左右.
A smart card is a mini-computer without the display screen and keyboard.智能卡是一种微型计算机的键盘和屏幕. Smart cards contain a microchip with an integrated circuit capable of processing and storing thousands of bytes of electronic data.智能卡含有集成电路芯片的加工能力和电子数据存储数千字节. Due to the portability and size of smart cards they are seen as the next generation of data exchange.由于大小的智能卡携他们看作下一代数据交换.
Smart cards contain an operating system just like personal computers.智能卡含有一个个人电脑操作系统一样. Smart cards can store and process information and are fully interactive.智能卡可以储存和处理信息,并充分互动. Advanced smart cards also contain a file structure with secret keys and encryption algorithms.先进的智能卡还包含一个档案加密算法和密钥结构. Due to the encrypted file system, data can be stored in separated files with full security.由于加密文件系统,数据可存放在全部案卷失散安全.
Organizations are steadily migrating toward this technology.移民组织稳步朝着这一技术. The days are numbered for a single mainframe used for computing every directive.气数已尽了一个用于电脑主机每指令. Today, the delegation of tasks is being transferred to small, but dedicated smart cards.今天,代表团的任务是转小,但专用智能卡. Their usefulness may soon exceed that of the standard computer for a variety of applications due, in part, to their portability and ease of use.其效用可能很快超过了标准的各种计算机应用部分原因他们携,好用.
The smart card is an electronic recording device.智能卡是一个电子记录装置. Information in the microchip can instantaneously verify the cardholder's identity and any privileges to which the cardholder may be entitled.信息可以在瞬间晶片核实持卡人的身份和特权而持卡人可享有. Information such as withdrawals, sales, and bills can be processed immediately and if/when necessary; those records can be transmitted to a central computer for file updating.资料如取款、销售、加工、帐单可立即如果/必要时;这些记录可以传送到中央计算机进行档案更新.
Smart cards are secure, compact and intelligent data carriers.智能卡安全、紧凑、智能数据载体. Smart cards should be regarded as specialized computers capable of processing, storing and safeguarding thousands of bytes of data.智能卡应视为专门的计算机能够处理、存储和维护千字节的数据. Smart cards have electrical contacts and a thin metallic plate just above center line on one side of the card.智能卡有接触和薄金属板电气上方中线一侧卡. Beneath this dime-sized plate is an integrated circuit (IC) chip containing a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM) and non-volatile data storage.这下方毛型钢板是集成电路芯片(集成电路)载有中央处理器(CPU的)随机存取记忆体(RAM的)和非挥发性数据存储. Data stored in the smart card's microchip can be accessed only through the chip operating system (COS), providing a high level of data security.数据储存在智能卡的芯片可通过芯片操作系统(产地来源证)提供高水平的数据安全. This security takes the form of passwords allowing a user to access parts of the IC chip's memory or encryption/decryption measures which translate the bytes stored in memory into useful information.这种安全的方式来获得用户的密码,允许部份IC晶片的记忆或加密/解密措施字节翻译成有用的信息储存在记忆中.
Smart cards typically hold 2,000 to 8,000 electronic bytes of data (the equivalent of several pages of data).智能电子卡通常举行二千至8000字节的数据(相当于几页资料). Because those bytes can be electronically coded, the effective storage capacity of each card is significantly increased.因为这些字节可电子编码,每卡有效蓄水量则大为增加. Magnetic-stripe cards, such as those issued by banks and credit card companies, lack the security of microchips but remain inexpensive due to their status as a single-purpose card.磁条纹卡,如银行和信用卡发行公司但是缺乏安全依然廉价芯片由于其作为单一用途卡. Smart cards can be a carrier of multiple records for multiple purposes.智能卡可传送多种记录多种用途. Once those purposes are maximized, the smart card is often viewed as superior and, ultimately, less expensive.一旦这些目的是最大限度的智能卡往往被视为优势,并最终便宜. The distributed processing possible with smart cards reduces the need for ever-larger mainframe computers and the expense of local and long-distance phone circuits required to maintain an on-line connection to a central computer.分布式处理智能卡可能需要降低日益大型电脑主机和牺牲当地和长途电话线路要维持一个网上的中央电脑连接.
Smart cards are defined by the ISO 7816 standards.智能卡是指由国际标准化组织7816年的标准.
Smart Card Usage智能卡应用
The uses of smart cards are as versatile as any mini-computer.智能卡的用途有任何多才多艺迷你电脑. At a hospital emergency room, for example, the card could identify the person's health-insurance carrier and transfer all necessary information from the microchip to an admittance sheet.到医院急诊室,例如卡能识别人的健康保险,并把所有必要的信息载体从晶片到纳板. Tests, treatment, billing and prescriptions could be processed more quickly using the card.试验,治疗处方和帐单可以处理更迅速用卡. Major clinical findings could be added to the medical information section within the microchip.主要临床表现可充实到医疗信息的晶片组.
In the U.S., smart cards are utilized in GSM mobile telephones, in DirecTV and EchoStar satellite receivers, and in the American Express Blue card.在美国,使用智能卡在GSM移动电话,并在科斯DIRECTV号卫星接收机美国运通卡和蓝色.
参考资料：http://www.tech-faq.com/lang/zh-CN/smart-card.shtml