定语从句还真有些复杂,谁给我规律性的总结?

急需!

一、宾语从句的定义: 宾语从句顾名思义就是在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。即作及物动词、介词或某些形容词宾语的部分是由句子来充当。 二、引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类即: 1.表示陈述语气用that ,作从句的原句是陈述句。 注意1: 引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。 (1)and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句,除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的that不能省略。 如:Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. (2)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如: I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. (3)主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。 如:We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job. 注意2: 若有补语,则宾语从句要放到补语之后,在宾补前用形式宾语it. 如:He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away. I consider it necessary that he should do it again. 注意3: 否定转移问题 在think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句,如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义,一般要将否定词not移到主句的谓语动词上面去,即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的(意义)谓语动词。此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定,反意疑问部分用肯定形式。 如:1、I don’t think he will come. 2、I don’t think he will come, will he? 3、I think he will come, won’t he? 注意4: 从句是祈使句的时候 Please clean the room.”he said to me. → He asked/told me to clean the room. “Don’t look out of the window.” he told us. → He told us /asked us not to look out of the window. 2.表示一般疑问语气,含有“是否,能否”的意思用whether 和if,引导一般疑问句,选择疑问句,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚,常用在ask, wonder, want to know, can(could) you tell me 等后 whether 跟if 表示“是否”引导宾语从句,不能省略,但很多情况下可以替换,两者的区别在于: (1)在正式文体中,whether 后可直接跟or not 而if则不能; (2)whether 引导的宾语从句可以移到句首,if则不能; (3)介词和disscuss 等词之后,不定式之前,用whether 不用if; (4)whether 可以引导其他从句,如主语从句、表语从句,if则不能。 另:if 作为“假如”可引导条件状语从句;whether 作为“不管,无论”可引导让步状语从句。 3.表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词导 三、语序:陈述句语序 做宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序,在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序,即:“引导词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。 如:1、Tom said. He is reading a book. → Tom said that he was reading a book. 2、He asks me. Are they playing a game? → He asks me if/whether they are playing a game. 注意: 当who在从句中做主语时,语序本身就是“主语+谓语”顺序,所以就不再变了. 如:I want to know. Who will come tomorrow? →I want to know whowill come tomorrow. 宾语从句的特殊语序问题 在“Do you think /believe/suppose----?等”结构中,宾语从句如果是由疑问词引导的,则要用“疑问词+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常语序?” 如:What has happened to him? Do you think? → What do you think has happened to him? 四、时态: 主句用现在时或将来时,从句可用任何时态。 主句用过去时,从句用与过去相关的时态。 特殊情况:从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、运用一般现在时,不受主句的时态限制。 如:The moon moves around the earth.
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