第1个回答 2010-09-01
一、概念:冠词属于虚词范畴,不单独使用,放在名词之前,用来说明名词所指的人或物。
二、分类:不定冠词a, an 和定冠词the 。
三、不定冠词
1.a, an 均放在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的“一个”,但不强调数量概念。不同于one.
2.a用在辅音之前, an用于元音之前。
a book, a university student, a useful book, a European country,
an old man, an hour, an honest boy, an island, an elephant,an umbrella
四、定冠词the:用以特指人或物,表示名词所指的人或物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数名词连用。读音:元音前读[ ði:],辅音前读[ ðә ]。如the evening , the car
五、不定冠词的用法
1.指人或事物中的一个。
He’s a student. / Give me a ballpoint pen, please. / This is an apple.
2. 指某一类人或事物。
A student should study hard. / A steel worker makes steel. / A plane is a machine that can fly.
3. 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人何物。
A PLA man wants to see you. / A Mr. Thomson wanted to see you.
You are wanted now, a Professor Wang is waiting outside.
4. 不定冠词还可以指事物的单位“每”。
The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a day.
We have three meals a day. / He walks ten miles an hour.
We have six classes a day. / He drives the car at thirty miles an hour.
5.不定冠词后面可以跟序数词,表示“再”“又”。
I’m going to Beijing a second time. / I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.
6. 不定冠词还可以用在专有名词之前。
The inventor is really an Edison of our time.
7. 不定冠词有时用在单数名词前可以表示类别。
A horse runs faster than a cow.
8. 表示“一个”的意思
He will be back in a day or two. / He tried to send a picture of a face.
9. 与表示疾病的名词连用。
a cold感冒 a headache 头痛 a sore throat 嗓子痛……等。
注意:
①. 有的可用可不用不定冠词。如:
catch (a) cold感冒,have (a) stomachache 胃痛,have (a) toothache 牙痛。
②. 有的不用不定冠词,如:
catch measles 染上麻疹, have flu患流行性感冒。
10. 不定冠词还可以用在某些固定短语当中。
a few , a little, in a way, as a matter of fact, all of a sudden, make a living, in a hurry, for a while, at a loss (不知所措), have a rest, have a look, have a good time, take a shower, take a break, take a bath, get a cold, get a fever, develop into a habit, make a guess at(猜测), make a difference between(区分), in a moment(过一会儿), in a sense(在某种意义上), once in a while(间或), have an advantage over(优于), have an edge(略胜过)as a result(因此), as a rule(通常), as a whole(总体上说)
六、定冠词的用法
1.特指某人或某物或用在短语或从句修饰的名词前。
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
The key to the door is lost. / The man standing by the gate is Li Feng.
2. 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。
Open the door, please. / Where is the teacher?
3. 复述上文提到过的人或物。
Last night I read a story and the story is about the Long March.
I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.
4. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。
the sun, the sky, the world, the moon, the earth, the atmosphere, the weather
注:sun, moon或sky等词前如有表示某一特定性质的形容词修饰时,通常用不定冠词,在这种情况下其词义有所变化,多表示特定时间或地点内的状况或情况。如:
It was a winter night. A pale moon hung low in the sky.
a brilliant sun 明媚的阳光,a burning sun 炎热的太阳,a full moon 满月,a new moon 新月
a blue sky 蔚蓝的天空,a cloud sky 多云的天空
5. 用在单数可数名词前有时表示类别。
The horse is a useful animal.
6.在讨论科技问题时,定冠词常和单数可数名词连用。在表示发明物的单数名词前加the。
The compass was invented in ancient China.
Alexander Bell is considered to have invented the telephone in 1876.
Do you know who invented the computer?
7. 表示阶级,党派的名词前必须用the.
the Chinese Communist Party, the working class, The Chinese people中华民族
8. 定冠词与某些形容词、过去分词、现在分词连用,表示某一类人。
the poor, the rich, the sick, the old, the young, the wounded, the living, the dead
9. 在序数词、形容词的最高级和表示方位的名词前以及形容词only, very, same等前面,常用定冠词the.
the first place, the biggest city, in the west, on the left,in the middle of,
The sun rises in the east. / The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.
He is the tallest one in our class. / That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.
注意:
①. 有时比较级前也可以用定冠词。表示“两者中较…的”
The older of the two noblemen took a light. / He is the taller of the two boys.
②. 方位词成对使用构成平行结构时,不用定冠词。
The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east.
They traveled through the country from south to north.
③. 在形容词最高级前表示"非常"时。如:
Unit Nine is a most difficult unit but it isn't the most difficult unit in Book One.
10.在动词play(演奏)后与乐器名词连用时用the。但前面如果出现定语修饰,也可能用不定冠词a, an。
play the piano, play the violin, play the flute 吹笛,
但play a trumpet 吹号 beat a drum 打鼓
He is playing a borrowed violin.
11. 定冠词在一定场合下含有“每”的含义。
They are paid by the week. / He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。
by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year…
但:by weight按重量
12. 用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人,或这一姓的夫妇二人。
The Smiths live upstairs. / The Johns are watching TV.
13. 人名或不用冠词的地名,有定语修饰时,常加定冠词。
the great Lenin, the late Mr. Brown, the China of 1919, the Venice of the East
14. 代替所有格代词,表示人体的一部分
He received a blow on the head. 他头上挨了一击。
John’s brother took him by the hand. / She caught me by the arm.
但注意:当表示"以身体某部位为支撑点"时只可以用one's(注意:介词用on)。如:
The baby likes sleeping on his stomach.
He can stand on his head for a long time.
15. 在世纪,年代名词前用冠词。
In the 1980s或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代, in the nineteenth century 二十世纪
16. 定冠词还用在某些固定短语中。
in the way, in the end, at the beginning of, by the end of, in the morning / afternoon/evening,
go to the cinema / theatre, in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain, tell the truth, on the other hand, on the way home, to the best of就……所及, the same as 和……一样, out of the question不可能的, on the one hand一方面 , on the other hand 另一方面 on the average一般说来, on the contrary相反地 in the least 一点,丝毫, in the long run从长远来看 in the event of 万一 , in the final analysis归根结底