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1.å ³æº (ç³»ç»çå ³æºãéå¯ä»¥åç»åº ) çå½ä»¤
shutdown -h now å ³éç³»ç»(1)
init 0 å ³éç³»ç»(2)
telinit 0 å ³éç³»ç»(3)
shutdown -h hours:minutes & æé¢å®æ¶é´å ³éç³»ç»
shutdown -c åæ¶æé¢å®æ¶é´å ³éç³»ç»
shutdown -r now éå¯(1)
reboot éå¯(2)
logout 注é
2.æ¥çç³»ç»ä¿¡æ¯çå½ä»¤
arch æ¾ç¤ºæºå¨çå¤çå¨æ¶æ(1)
uname -m æ¾ç¤ºæºå¨çå¤çå¨æ¶æ(2)
uname -r æ¾ç¤ºæ£å¨ä½¿ç¨çå æ ¸çæ¬
dmidecode -q æ¾ç¤ºç¡¬ä»¶ç³»ç»é¨ä»¶ - (SMBIOS / DMI)
hdparm -i /dev/hda ç½åä¸ä¸ªç£ççæ¶æç¹æ§
hdparm -tT /dev/sda å¨ç£çä¸æ§è¡æµè¯æ§è¯»åæä½
cat /proc/cpuinfo æ¾ç¤ºCPU infoçä¿¡æ¯
cat /proc/interrupts æ¾ç¤ºä¸æ
cat /proc/meminfo æ ¡éªå å使ç¨
cat /proc/swaps æ¾ç¤ºåªäºswap被使ç¨
cat /proc/version æ¾ç¤ºå æ ¸ççæ¬
cat /proc/net/dev æ¾ç¤ºç½ç»éé å¨åç»è®¡
cat /proc/mounts æ¾ç¤ºå·²å è½½çæ件系ç»
lspci -tv ç½å PCI 设å¤
lsusb -tv æ¾ç¤º USB 设å¤
date æ¾ç¤ºç³»ç»æ¥æ
cal 2007 æ¾ç¤º2007å¹´çæ¥å表
date 041217002007.00 设置æ¥æåæ¶é´ - ææ¥æ¶åå¹´.ç§
clock -w å°æ¶é´ä¿®æ¹ä¿åå° BIOS
3.æ件åç®å½æä½å½ä»¤
cd /home è¿å ¥ '/ home' ç®å½'
cd .. è¿åä¸ä¸çº§ç®å½
cd ../.. è¿åä¸ä¸¤çº§ç®å½
cd è¿å ¥ä¸ªäººç主ç®å½
cd ~user1 è¿å ¥ä¸ªäººç主ç®å½
cd - è¿åä¸æ¬¡æå¨çç®å½
pwd æ¾ç¤ºå·¥ä½è·¯å¾
ls æ¥çç®å½ä¸çæ件
ls -F æ¥çç®å½ä¸çæ件
ls -l æ¾ç¤ºæ件åç®å½ç详ç»èµæ
ls -a æ¾ç¤ºéèæ件
mkdir dir1 å建ä¸ä¸ªå«å 'dir1' çç®å½'
mkdir dir1 dir2 åæ¶å建两个ç®å½
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 å建ä¸ä¸ªç®å½æ
rm -f file1 å é¤ä¸ä¸ªå«å 'file1' çæ件'
rmdir dir1 å é¤ä¸ä¸ªå«å 'dir1' çç®å½'
rm -rf dir1 å é¤ä¸ä¸ªå«å 'dir1' çç®å½å¹¶åæ¶å é¤å ¶å 容
rm -rf dir1 dir2 åæ¶å é¤ä¸¤ä¸ªç®å½åå®ä»¬çå 容
mv dir1 new_dir éå½å/ç§»å¨ ä¸ä¸ªç®å½
cp file1 file2 å¤å¶ä¸ä¸ªæ件
cp dir/* . å¤å¶ä¸ä¸ªç®å½ä¸çæææ件å°å½åå·¥ä½ç®å½
cp -a /tmp/dir1 . å¤å¶ä¸ä¸ªç®å½å°å½åå·¥ä½ç®å½
cp -a dir1 dir2 å¤å¶ä¸ä¸ªç®å½
ln -s file1 lnk1 å建ä¸ä¸ªæåæ件æç®å½ç软é¾æ¥
ln file1 lnk1 å建ä¸ä¸ªæåæ件æç®å½çç©çé¾æ¥
touch file1 å建ä¸ä¸ªæ件
4.æ件æç´¢å½ä»¤
find / -name file1 ä» '/' å¼å§è¿å ¥æ ¹æ件系ç»æç´¢æ件åç®å½
find / -user user1 æç´¢å±äºç¨æ· 'user1' çæ件åç®å½
find /home/user1 -name \*.bin å¨ç®å½ '/ home/user1' ä¸æ索带æ'.bin' ç»å°¾çæ件
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 æç´¢å¨è¿å»100天å æªè¢«ä½¿ç¨è¿çæ§è¡æ件
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 æç´¢å¨10天å 被å建æè ä¿®æ¹è¿çæ件
locate \*.ps 寻æ¾ä»¥ '.ps' ç»å°¾çæ件 - å è¿è¡ 'updatedb' å½ä»¤
whereis file æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªäºè¿å¶æ件ãæºç æmançä½ç½®
which file æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªäºè¿å¶æ件æå¯æ§è¡æ件çå®æ´è·¯å¾
5.æ¥çæ件å 容
cat file1 ä»ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªåèå¼å§æ£åæ¥çæ件çå 容
tac file1 ä»æåä¸è¡å¼å§ååæ¥çä¸ä¸ªæ件çå 容
more file1 æ¥çä¸ä¸ªé¿æ件çå 容
less file1 ç±»ä¼¼äº 'more' å½ä»¤ï¼ä½æ¯å®å 许å¨æ件ä¸åæ£åæä½ä¸æ ·çååæä½
head -2 file1 æ¥çä¸ä¸ªæ件çå两è¡
tail -2 file1 æ¥çä¸ä¸ªæ件çæåä¸¤è¡ 5.æè½½å½ä»¤
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 æè½½ä¸ä¸ªå«åhda2çç (注ï¼ç¡®å®ç®å½ '/ mnt/hda2' å·²ç»åå¨)
umount /dev/hda2 å¸è½½ä¸ä¸ªå«åhda2çç (å ä»æè½½ç¹ '/ mnt/hda2' éåº)
fuser -km /mnt/hda2 å½è®¾å¤ç¹å¿æ¶å¼ºå¶å¸è½½
umount -n /mnt/hda2 è¿è¡å¸è½½æä½èä¸åå ¥ /etc/mtab æ件(å½æ件为åªè¯»æå½ç£çå满æ¶é常æç¨)
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy æè½½ä¸ä¸ªè½¯ç
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom æè½½ä¸ä¸ªå ç
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder æè½½ä¸ä¸ªcdrwædvdrom
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder æè½½ä¸ä¸ªcdrwædvdrom
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom æè½½ä¸ä¸ªæ件æISOéåæ件
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 æè½½ä¸ä¸ªWindows FAT32æ件系ç»
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk æè½½ä¸ä¸ªusb æ·çæéªå设å¤
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share æè½½ä¸ä¸ªwindowsç½ç»å ±äº«
6.ç£ç空é´æä½çå½ä»¤
df -h æ¾ç¤ºå·²ç»æè½½çååºå表
ls -lSr |more 以尺寸大å°æåæ件åç®å½
du -sh dir1 ä¼°ç®ç®å½ 'dir1' å·²ç»ä½¿ç¨çç£ç空é´'
du -sk * | sort -rn 以容é大å°ä¸ºä¾æ®ä¾æ¬¡æ¾ç¤ºæ件åç®å½ç大å°
7.ç¨æ·å群ç»ç¸å ³å½ä»¤
groupadd group_name å建ä¸ä¸ªæ°ç¨æ·ç»
groupdel group_name å é¤ä¸ä¸ªç¨æ·ç»
groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name éå½åä¸ä¸ªç¨æ·ç»
useradd -c "Name Surname " -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1 å建ä¸ä¸ªå±äº "admin" ç¨æ·ç»çç¨æ·
useradd user1 å建ä¸ä¸ªæ°ç¨æ·
userdel -r user1 å é¤ä¸ä¸ªç¨æ· ( '-r' åæ¶å é¤é¤ä¸»ç®å½)
passwd user1 ä¿®æ¹ä¸ä¸ªç¨æ·çå£ä»¤ (åªå 许rootæ§è¡)
chage -E 2005-12-31 user1 设置ç¨æ·å£ä»¤ç失ææé
ls -lh æ¾ç¤ºæé
chmod 777 directory1 设置ç®å½çææ人(u)ã群ç»(g)以åå ¶ä»äºº(o)以读(r )ãå(w)åæ§è¡(x)çæé
chmod 700 directory1 å é¤ç¾¤ç»(g)ä¸å ¶ä»äºº(o)对ç®å½ç读åæ§è¡æé
chown user1 file1 æ¹åä¸ä¸ªæ件çææ人å±æ§ï¼ä¸ºuse1ã
chown -R user1 directory1 æ¹åä¸ä¸ªç®å½çææ人å±æ§å¹¶åæ¶æ¹åæ¹ç®å½ä¸æææ件çå±æ§é½ä¸ºuse1ææ
chgrp group1 file1 æ¹åæ件ç群ç»ä¸ºgroup1
chown user1:group1 file1 æ¹åä¸ä¸ªæ件çææ人å群ç»å±æ§ï¼æå±ç»ä¸ºgroup1ï¼ç¨æ·ä¸ºuse1ã
find / -perm -u+s ç½åä¸ä¸ªç³»ç»ä¸ææ使ç¨äºSUIDæ§å¶çæ件
chmod u+s /bin/file1 设置ä¸ä¸ªäºè¿å¶æ件ç SUID ä½ - è¿è¡è¯¥æ件çç¨æ·ä¹è¢«èµäºåææè åæ ·çæé
chmod u-s /bin/file1 ç¦ç¨ä¸ä¸ªäºè¿å¶æ件ç SUIDä½
chmod g+s /home/public 设置ä¸ä¸ªç®å½çSGID ä½ - 类似SUID ï¼ä¸è¿è¿æ¯é对ç®å½ç
chmod g-s /home/public ç¦ç¨ä¸ä¸ªç®å½ç SGID ä½
chmod o+t /home/public 设置ä¸ä¸ªæ件ç STIKY ä½ - åªå 许åæ³ææ人å é¤æ件
chmod o-t /home/public ç¦ç¨ä¸ä¸ªç®å½ç STIKY ä½
8.æå å解å缩æ件çå½ä»¤
bunzip2 file1.bz2 解åä¸ä¸ªå«å 'file1.bz2'çæ件
bzip2 file1 å缩ä¸ä¸ªå«å 'file1' çæ件
gunzip file1.gz 解åä¸ä¸ªå«å 'file1.gz'çæ件
gzip file1 å缩ä¸ä¸ªå«å 'file1'çæ件
gzip -9 file1 æ大ç¨åº¦å缩
rar a file1.rar test_file å建ä¸ä¸ªå«å 'file1.rar' çå
rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 æå 'file1', 'file2' 以åç®å½ 'dir1'
rar x file1.rar 解rarå
unrar x file1.rar 解rarå
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 å建ä¸ä¸ªéå缩çtarå
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 å建ä¸ä¸ªå å«äº 'file1', 'file2' 'dir1'çå
tar -tf archive.tar æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªå ä¸çå 容
tar -xvf archive.tar éæ¾ä¸ä¸ªå
tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp å°å缩å éæ¾å° /tmpç®å½ä¸ (-cæ¯æå®ç®å½)
tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 å建ä¸ä¸ªbzip2æ ¼å¼çå缩å
tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2 解åä¸ä¸ªbzip2æ ¼å¼çå缩å
tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 å建ä¸ä¸ªgzipæ ¼å¼çå缩å
tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz 解åä¸ä¸ªgzipæ ¼å¼çå缩å
zip file1.zip file1 å建ä¸ä¸ªzipæ ¼å¼çå缩å
zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 å°å 个æ件åç®å½åæ¶å缩æä¸ä¸ªzipæ ¼å¼çå缩å
unzip file1.zip 解åä¸ä¸ªzipæ ¼å¼å缩å
9.å ³äºRPM å çå½ä»¤
rpm -ivh package.rpm å®è£ ä¸ä¸ªrpmå
rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm å®è£ ä¸ä¸ªrpmå è忽ç¥ä¾èµå ³ç³»è¦å
rpm -U package.rpm æ´æ°ä¸ä¸ªrpmå ä½ä¸æ¹åå ¶é ç½®æ件
rpm -F package.rpm æ´æ°ä¸ä¸ªç¡®å®å·²ç»å®è£ çrpmå
rpm -e package_name.rpm å é¤ä¸ä¸ªrpmå
rpm -qa æ¾ç¤ºç³»ç»ä¸ææå·²ç»å®è£ çrpmå
rpm -qa | grep httpd æ¾ç¤ºææå称ä¸å å« "httpd" åæ ·çrpmå
rpm -qi package_name è·åä¸ä¸ªå·²å®è£ å çç¹æ®ä¿¡æ¯
rpm -ql package_name æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªå·²ç»å®è£ çrpmå æä¾çæ件å表
rpm -qc package_name æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªå·²ç»å®è£ çrpmå æä¾çé ç½®æ件å表
rpm -q package_name --whatrequires æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ä¸ªrpmå åå¨ä¾èµå ³ç³»çå表
rpm -q package_name --whatprovides æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªrpmå æå çä½ç§¯
rpm -q package_name --scripts æ¾ç¤ºå¨å®è£ /å é¤æé´ææ§è¡çèæ¬l
rpm -q package_name --changelog æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªrpmå çä¿®æ¹åå²
rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 确认æç»çæ件ç±åªä¸ªrpmå ææä¾
rpm -qp package.rpm -l æ¾ç¤ºç±ä¸ä¸ªå°æªå®è£ çrpmå æä¾çæ件å表
rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY å¯¼å ¥å ¬é¥æ°åè¯ä¹¦
rpm --checksig package.rpm 确认ä¸ä¸ªrpmå çå®æ´æ§
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey 确认已å®è£ çæærpmå çå®æ´æ§
rpm -V package_name æ£æ¥æ件尺寸ã 许å¯ãç±»åãææè ã群ç»ãMD5æ£æ¥ä»¥åæåä¿®æ¹æ¶é´
rpm -Va æ£æ¥ç³»ç»ä¸ææå·²å®è£ çrpmå - å°å¿ä½¿ç¨
rpm -Vp package.rpm 确认ä¸ä¸ªrpmå è¿æªå®è£
rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories *bin* ä»ä¸ä¸ªrpmå è¿è¡å¯æ§è¡æ件
rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm ä»ä¸ä¸ªrpmæºç å®è£ ä¸ä¸ªæ建好çå
rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm ä»ä¸ä¸ªrpmæºç æ建ä¸ä¸ª rpm å
10.YUM 软件å å级å¨
yum install package_name ä¸è½½å¹¶å®è£ ä¸ä¸ªrpmå
yum localinstall package_name.rpm å°å®è£ ä¸ä¸ªrpmå ï¼ä½¿ç¨ä½ èªå·±ç软件ä»åºä¸ºä½ 解å³ææä¾èµå ³ç³»
yum update package_name.rpm æ´æ°å½åç³»ç»ä¸ææå®è£ çrpmå
yum update package_name æ´æ°ä¸ä¸ªrpmå
yum remove package_name å é¤ä¸ä¸ªrpmå
yum list ååºå½åç³»ç»ä¸å®è£ çææå
yum search package_name å¨rpmä»åºä¸æ寻软件å
yum clean packages æ¸ çrpmç¼åå é¤ä¸è½½çå
yum clean headers å é¤ææ头æ件
yum clean all å é¤ææç¼åçå å头æ件
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