英语中的虚拟语气的用法

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

耐心地把这看完，你会对虚拟语气有个透彻的了解。 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） (1).God save me． (2).Heaven help us．四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如： (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例： 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起) 四）、注意： 1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如： I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

Answer 2

关于英语中虚拟语气的用法介绍 1.用于if引出的条件句中
虚拟语气用于if引出的与现在、过去及将来事实相反的条件句中。1）与现在事实相反的假设
从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。
If he were here,he would be greatly surprised.
The spaceship would burn up if it went too close to the stars.
2)与过去事实相反的假设
从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句用“should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”。
If I had been more careful,I wouldn't have made so many silly mistakes.
3)对将来发生的事实的假设
从句的谓语动词用“should(were to)+动词原形”，主句用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”，主从句的谓语动词也可和“与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语相同。
If you should miss the chance,you would feel sorry for it.
If you missed the chance,you would feel sorry for it.
4)错综时间条件句
主句和从句的动作发生时间不一致，动词的形式应根据所表示的时间做出调整。
If I were you,I would have attended the lecture.(从句表示现在时间，主句表示过去时间）
5）连词if的省略
条件句中连词if可以省略，但从句要倒装，即将would,had,should等置于主语前。
Were he here this afternoon,I would go with him.2.用于wish后的宾语从句中
虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示现在、过去或将来不太可能实现的愿望1）表示现在的愿望
谓语动词用一般过去式，系动词用were。
I wish I knew his address.
I wish he were a teacher.
2)表示过去的愿望
谓语动词用“had+过去分词”
I wish I had not told him the news.
3)表示将来的愿望
谓语动词用“would(could,might)+动词原形”。
I wish I could read the novel in English.3.用于as if等引起的从句中
虚拟语气用于as if(as though)引起的状语从句或表语从句中，表示与现在、过去或将来的情况不符，其谓语动词形式与wish后宾语从句的形式相同。
He often treats me as if I were a child.
Peter talked as if he had really been there.
He acts as if he would be a football star.
She looks as if she were ill.4.用于特定词语后的宾、主、表及同位语从句中
虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议、命令等意义的动词、名词及形容词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中。其形式都是“sould+动词原形”，should可省略。1）用于宾语从句中
常用的动词：ask,advise,command,decide,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等。
He insisted that we all(should) be in his office at six.
The doctor suggested that she (should) take a trip.
2)用于主语从句中
常用的结构：It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句（用虚拟语气）
常见的形容词或分词：essential,urgent,necessary,important,advisable,natural,desired,demanded,ordered,required,suggested等。
It is necessary that this machine(should) be oiled every day.
It is required that the machine be tested.
3)用于表语从句或同位语从句中
常用的名词：advice,command,demand,desire,idea,order,proposal,request requirement等。
His suggestion is that we go out on a picnic next Sunday.(表语从句）
His suggestion that we go out on a picnic next Sunday is wonderful.(同位语从句)5. 用于“it is time+从句”中
虚拟语气用于“It is(high,about)time+从句”这一结构中，从句谓语动词用过去式，表示早该做而仍未做的事。
It is high time that we went back to college.6.用于would rather等引起的从句中
虚拟语气用于wouldhad rather(would prefer,would sooner)引起的从句中，其谓语动词用过去式，表示当时或将来的情况；其谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，表示过去的情况。
I would rather you didn't tell him anything about it.
She would prefer that she had not stayed at home last night.7.用于lest等引导的状语从句中
虚拟语气用于lest或in case引起的状语从句中，其谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should一般不可省。
He took his umbrella with him in case it should rain.8.其他情况
without,but for,but that等引出的短语可表示虚拟条件意义，主句用虚拟语气。
Without a computer,they would not have finished their calculation so quickly.本回答被网友采纳