请问英语定语从句改成分词作定语,有什么需要注意的?

如题所述

回答如下:
英语定语从句和分词短语都可以作定语,但用法不尽相同。定语从句可选用你所需要的任何时态和语态,而分词短语则通常表示正在进行的、完成的或与主句动作同时发生的动作或状态。现在分词有一般式、完成式,有主动语态和被动语态; 过去分词只有一般式,只有被动语态。现在分词的完成式不能作定语,只能作状语; 而定语从句则可以。作定语的分词短语通常不能表示未来的动作或状态,而定语从句则可以。例如:
The man standing there (= who is standing there ) is my uncle.
The house facing south (= which faces south) is a clinic.
I am satisfied with your work done yesterday ( = which was done yesterday )
The bridge completed now (= which has been completed now, 但不能说having been completed now ) will be open next week.
The students who will go abroad next week ( 不能说going abroad next week,但可用不定式短语to go abroad next week。 ) come from Nanjing University.
I know the student who has just won the prize ( 不能说having just won the prize).
The airport which will be built next year (= to be built next year, 但不能用分词短语being built 或 built next year。)
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第1个回答  2021-02-24
注意事项如下:
1)只有当定语从句的关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时,才能将其简化为形容词短语。例如:The girl (who) I saw was Mai——关系代词who充当定语从句的宾语,这句就不能简化。
2)定语从句简化为形容词短语分两种情况:
i)如果定语从句含“关系代词+Be动词(am/is/are/was/were)”,则省略关系代词和be动词。例如:The girl who is sitting next to me is Mai.
The girl sitting next to me is Mai.
The man who is talking to John is from Korea.
The man talking to John is from Korea.

Ann is the woman that is responsible for the error.
Ann is the woman responsible for the error.

ii)如果定语从句中没有Be动词,则省略关系代词,并把从句动词改为ing形式。例如:

English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.

Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.
Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.

3)如果定语从句有逗号,则形容词短语也要有逗号,有时又称同位语从句。例如:

Paris, which is the capital of France, is an exciting city.
Paris, the capital of France, is an exciting city.

4)如果定语从句含“关系代词+be+单个形容词”,则简化后的单个形容词要移到其所修饰的名词前面。例如:

Fruit that is fresh tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit.
Fresh fruit tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit. (正确)

Fruit fresh tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit. (不正确)
第2个回答  2021-02-24
您好,对于你的遇到的问题,我很高兴能为你提供帮助,我之前也遇到过哟,以下是我的个人看法,希望能帮助到你,若有错误,还望见谅!。
在英文中,有两种定语从句:限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别:
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如:
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展,热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。

非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点","隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。 例如:Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。)
更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites ,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为:
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情)。太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:"这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句:
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:"这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作,还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。)那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。
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限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
a) 非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,朗读时先行词部分一般用降调并稍做
停顿,书写的时候多半用逗号分开。
b) 非限定性定语从句能够修饰整个句子,限定性定语从句则不能。
c) 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的含义不一样,限定性定语从句是确指,而非
限定性定语从句是泛指。
d) 先行词为专有名词或者具有特指对象的名词时,一般要用到非限制性定语从句。
e) 在非限定性定语从句中,现行词指人的时候,关系代词只能是who,whom,不能用
that;先行词指物的时候,关系代词只能用which, 不能用that。非常感谢您的耐心观看,如有帮助请采纳,祝生活愉快!谢谢!本回答被网友采纳
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