回答如下:
英语
定语从句和分词短语都可以作定语,但用法不尽相同。定语从句可选用你所需要的任何时态和语态,而分词短语则通常表示正在进行的、完成的或与主句动作同时发生的动作或状态。
现在分词有一般式、完成式,有主动语态和
被动语态;
过去分词只有一般式,只有被动语态。现在分词的完成式不能作定语,只能作状语; 而定语从句则可以。作定语的分词短语通常不能表示未来的动作或状态,而定语从句则可以。例如:
The man standing there (= who is standing there ) is my uncle.
The house facing south (= which faces south) is a clinic.
I am satisfied with your work done yesterday ( = which was done yesterday )
The bridge completed now (= which has been completed now, 但不能说having been completed now ) will be open next week.
The students who will go abroad next week ( 不能说going abroad next week,但可用不定式短语to go abroad next week。 ) come from Nanjing University.
I know the student who has just won the prize ( 不能说having just won the prize).
The airport which will be built next year (= to be built next year, 但不能用分词短语being built 或 built next year。)