第1个回答 2011-12-02
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
规则 例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2. 不规则名词复数：
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则 例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff
5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants