非谓语动词中定语和宾语补足语之间的区别

宾补主要是补充说明,而定语是修饰,但在具体的句子中怎么样区别
比如:I enjoyed the speech made by Smith.为什么这句中made by Smith是定语
I heard the song being sung by a girl when I passed her room.这句中的being sung by a girl就是宾补呐,请问区别的根本和方法是什么?

一、所谓宾语补足语主要是用来补充说明宾语以下三个方面的内容:

1. 宾语是什么,如:

We call him Bob. 宾语 him 是 Bob.
The manager picked the girl his secretary. 宾语 the girl 是秘书。

2. 宾语怎么样,如:

He kept his eyes open. 宾语 his eyes 成了睁开的的状态
I have painted my walls light green. 宾语 walls 成为淡绿色

3. 宾语干什么(用非谓语动词作宾补),如:

I saw him get on the bus. 宾语 him 上了公共汽车 (不定式)
I saw him getting on the bus. 宾语 him 正上公共汽车 (现在分词)
I must have my hair cut. 宾语 hair 被修剪 (过去分词)

由上可知,宾补与宾语之间有的是逻辑主谓关系,有的是逻辑动宾关系,如:

* The teacher makes his students stay in class for hours. 那个老师让他的学生在教室里呆了好几个小时。
(宾语 students 是不定式 stay 的逻辑主语,也就是说,stay 这个动作是由学生实施的。)
* My friend made his computer fixed. 我的朋友让别人安装他的电脑。
(宾语 computer 是过去分词 fixed 的逻辑宾语,即 fixed his computer,也就是说 fix 这个动作的对象是 computer。)

判别非谓语动词是否是宾补的标志:

1. 句子的谓语动词通常是感官动词或者使役动词,如:
感官动词 see, hear, notice, find, 等等
使役动词 make, let, have, keep, get 等等
2. 宾语是非谓语动词的逻辑主语(补足语为不定式得主动式或现在分词)或逻辑宾语(补足语为不定式的被动式或过去分词)。

二、非词用作后置定语主要是用来修饰名词:

1. 不定式作后置定语说明被修词未来的行为,如:
He is always the first one to come. 他总是第一个到的人。
I have a few words to say. 我有几句话要说。
2. 现在分词作后置定语说明被修饰词的特征,其行为是正在进行的,被修饰词是分词的逻辑主语,如:
The man carrying a a big flag was a model worker. 扛着大旗的那个人是个模范工作者。(那个人的特征是扛着大旗)
3. 过去分词作后置定语说明被修饰词所处的的状态,其行为是已经发生过而呈现出来的,被修饰词是分词的逻辑宾语, 如:
This is a book written by a worker. 这是一本供人写的书。(书呈现的状态是被写出来的)

作定语的非谓语动词都可以改写为定语从句,如上述例句:

He is always the first one who cant come.
I have a few words which I am going to say.
The man who was carrying a a big flag was a model worker.
This is a book which is written by a worker.

问题中的句子也可以这样改写:
I enjoyed the speech made by Smith.
= I enjoyed the speech which was made by Smith.

但是,宾补是不能者要改写的。
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第1个回答  2010-09-28
具体的概念你可以在很多语法书上找到 我在这里告诉你一个简单的方法 你把貌似是定语或者是宾补的部分遮起来 看看没有这一部分 句子够不够完整 或者顺畅 如果不太影响句子表达,那就是定语。如果没有这部分句子读起来不完整或怪怪的 那就一般是宾补了。 还有一点就是宾补大多是补充说明宾语状态的词 看的句子多了慢慢你就理解了
第2个回答  2010-09-28
谁告诉你后边这个是做宾补呢,那不也是定语吗。宾补指的是该动作是宾语发出的。i heard her singing.只有有生命的人或物才能发出动作。
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