由until引导的从句要用什么时态

如题所述

引导的从句是主句的过去时。

一、until与by的区别

1. by表示在某特定的时间之前或不迟于某特定的时间,意为"最迟在;不迟于"或"在……之前"等。如:

①I will finish my task by nine.我将在九点钟前完成任务。

②The plane takes off at 10:00, so you must try to be at the airport by 9:30.飞机在十点钟起飞,所以你必须在九点半赶到机场。

2. until用在肯定句,谓语动词通常是延续性动词,如stand, stay, talk, wait等,表示主句动作终止的时间。如:

③I waited until he came back.我一直等到他回来。

④The war lasted until 1945.战争持续到1945年。

如果用在否定句,谓语动词通常是瞬间性动词,如open, start, leave, arrive, finish, stop等,强调主句动作开始的时间。如:

⑤I didn't leave the boy until his mother turned up.直到这孩子的母亲来,我才离开。

⑥The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight.街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。

二、until与before的区别

1.可直接换用的情况:在until能使用的句型中,即主句含有否定式终止性谓语动词或肯定式延续性动词,可与before直接替换,意义差别不大。如:

①The students won't go home until / before they finish their homework.学生们要先完成作业才能回家。

②The woman worked in the factory until/before 1990. 1990年以前这妇女在这家工厂上班。

2.不可换用的情况:当主句含有肯定式终止性谓语动词时,只能用before不能用until,且before常意为"没来得及……"或"……才……"等。如:

③Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦差不多将我撞倒才看见了我。

④He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没来得及插话,他就把我的尺寸量好了。

三、not until的倒装与强调结构

1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如:

①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。

②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。

2. not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+...。上面两句改为强调句为:

③It was not until t......

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第1个回答  2016-06-23
英语句子结构如果是“主句+ 时间状语从句”的话,一般遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时; 主句是过去将来时,从句用一般过去时。如:
1. I shall wait here until he comes back.
2. He said he would not go back home unitl I gave him a promise.

until的用法
一、 介词until
作介词的until 的英文解释是up to a specified time (直到某一时刻)或up to the time of a specified event (直到发生某事)。但注意观察下列句子,我们还可留意到until 在具体运用中的细微之处。

1. 用于肯定句中:

1) It may last until Friday. 这可能要延续到星期五。

2) He will be working until 5 o'clock. 他将一直工作到五点钟。

3) She was a bank clerk until the war, when she trained as a nurse. 她战前是个银行职员,战时受训当了护士。

不难看出until 用于肯定句中,表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止,即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到……时(为止)”或“在……以前”。在这种用法中,句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。

2. 用于否定句中:

1) The secret was never told until after the old man's death. 这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。

2) Don't open it until your birthday. 等到你过生日那天再打开。

3) She didn't sleep until eight. 她八点钟才睡觉。

不难看出until用于否定句中,表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生,即表示动作的起点。一般译为“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……还不)” 。

二、 连词until

以同样的方式分析作连词的until的用法。作连词用的until的英文释义是up to the time when(直到……时为止)。

1. 用于肯定句中:

1) Heat can be conducted from a hot body to a cooler one until both are at the same temperature.热可以从一个热的物体传到一个较冷的物体,直到两者温度相同为止。

2) Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走就会看见指示牌了。

3) He ran until he was breathless. 他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下。

不难看出,作连词的until用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。

2. 用于否定句中:

1) I hadn't realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。

2) I won't stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我,我就一直喊叫。

3) Among the great mathematicians there are about as many who showed mathematical talents in childhood as there are those who showed none at all until they are older. 在伟大的数学家中,童年就显露数学才华的人和直到相当年龄才显露才华的人差不多一样多。

不难看出,作连词的until用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生,或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。本回答被网友采纳
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