ä¸ãééå±åè´¨ï¼F2ï¼Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Siï¼H
ï¼1ãæ°§åæ§ï¼F2+H2===2HF (é´æå¤çç¸)F2+Xe(è¿é)==XeF22F2(è¿é)+Xe==XeF4 (XeF4æ¯å¼ºæ°§ååï¼è½å°Mn2+æ°§å为MnO4â)nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大é¨åéå±)2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2 (æ°´æ¯è¿åå)2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2OF2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2F2+2NaI===2NaF+I27F2(è¿é)+I2===2IF7F2+Cl2(çä½ç§¯)===2ClF (ClFå±äºç±»å¤ç´ ï¼ClF+H2O==HF+HClO )3F2(è¿é)+Cl2===2ClF3 (ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3 )Cl2+H2 2HCl (å°H2å¨Cl2ç¹çï¼æ··åç¹çãå çãå
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§åççç¸)3Cl2+2P 2PCl3 Cl2+PCl3 PCl5 Cl2+2Na 2NaCl3Cl2+2Fe 2FeCl3 Cl2+Cu CuCl2Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3 (å¨æ°´æº¶æ¶²ä¸ï¼Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl )Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2 Cl2+2Br =2Cl +Br2Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2 Cl2+2I =2Cl +I23Cl2(è¿é)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO33Cl2+Iâ+3H2O=6H++6Clâ+IO3â5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Clâ+IO3â+12H+Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+Sâ Cl2+S2â=2Clâ+SâCl2+H2S===2HCl+Sâ (水溶液ä¸ï¼Cl2+H2S=2H++2Clâ+SâCl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HClCl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42â+2ClâCl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2 Cl2+H2O2=2H++Clâ+O22O2+3Fe Fe3O4 O2+K===KO2S+H2 H2S 2S+C CS2 S+Zn ZnSS+Fe FeS (æ¢è½ç±åè´¨å¶åï¼åè½ç±ç¦»åå¶å)S+2Cu Cu2S (åªè½ç±åè´¨å¶åï¼ä¸è½ç±ç¦»åå¶å)3S+2Al Al2S3 (åªè½ç±åè´¨å¶åï¼ä¸è½ç±ç¦»åå¶å)N2+3H2 2NH3 N2+3Mg Mg3N2 N2+3Ca Ca3N2N2+3Ba Ba3N2 N2+6Na 2Na3N N2+6K 2K3NN2+6Rb 2Rb3N N2+2Al 2AlNP4+6H2 4PH3 P+3Na Na3P 2P+3Zn Zn3P2H2+2Li 2LiH2ãè¿åæ§S+O2 SO2 S+H2SO4(æµ) 3SO2â+2H2OS+6HNO3(æµ) H2SO4+6NO2â+2H2OS+4H++6==6NO2â+2H2O+3S+4HNO3(ç¨) 3SO2+4NOâ+2H2O3S+4H++4 3SO2+4NOâ+2H2ON2+O2 2NO4P+5O2 P4O10(常åæP2O5)2P+3X2 2PX3ï¼X表示F2ï¼Cl2ï¼Br2ï¼ PX3+X2 PX5P4+20HNO3(æµ) 4H3PO4+20NO2â+4H2OC+2F2 CF4 C+2Cl2 CCl4C+O2(足é) CO2 2C+O2(å°é) 2COC+CO2 2CO C+H2O CO+H2(çææ°´ç
¤æ°)2C+SiO2 Si+2CO(å¶å¾ç²ç¡
)Si(ç²)+2Cl2 SiCl4 (SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)Si(ç²)+O2 SiO2 Si+C SiC(éåç )Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2â (Si+2OH +H2O= +2H2â)3ãæ§åååºCl2+H2O==HCl+HClOï¼å 碱æå
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§ä¿è¿æ§åï¼ (Cl2+H2O H++Clâ+HClOï¼Cl2+2NaOH==NaCl+NaClO+H2O (Cl2+2OHâ=Clâ+ClOâ+H2O)Cl2+2Ca(OH)2==CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O (Cl2+2OHâ=Clâ+ClOâ+H2O)3Cl2+6KOH(æµ) 5KCl+KClO3+3H2O (3Cl2+6OHâ 5Clâ+ClO3â+3H2O)3S+6NaOH 2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O (3S+6OHâ 2S2â+SO32â+3H2O)4P+3KOH(æµ)+3H2O==PH3â+3KH2PO2 (4P+3OHâ+3H2O==PH3â+3H2PO2â)11P+15CuSO4+24H2O==5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaO CaC2+COâ3C+SiO2 SiC+2COâäºï¼éå±åè´¨ï¼Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cuï¼çè¿åæ§2Na+H2 2NaH 4Na+O2==2Na2O 2Na2O+O2 2Na2O22Na+O2 Na2O2 2Na+S==Na2Sï¼çç¸ï¼2Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2â 2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OHâ+H2â2Na+2NH3==2NaNH2+H2â 2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2â+H2â4Na+TiCl4 4NaCl+Ti Mg+Cl2 MgCl2 Mg+Br2 MgBr22Mg+O2 2MgO Mg+S MgS2Cu+S Cu2S (Cu2Såªè½ç±åè´¨å¶å¤)Mg+2H2O Mg(OH)2+H2â2Mg+TiCl4 Ti+2MgCl2 Mg+2RbCl MgCl2+2Rb2Mg+CO2 2MgO+C 2Mg+SiO2 2MgO+SiMg+H2S==MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2â (Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2â)2Al+3Cl2 2AlCl34Al+3O2===2Al2O3 (常温çæè´å¯æ°§åèèéåï¼å¨æ°§æ°ä¸çç§)4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hgï¼éæ±é½ï¼4Al+3MnO2 2Al2O3+3Mn 2Al+Cr2O3 Al2O3+2Cr (éçååº)2Al+Fe2O3 Al2O3+2Fe 2Al+3FeO Al2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2â 2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2â2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2â 2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2â2Al+6H2SO4(æµ)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O (Al,Feå¨å·,æµçH2SO4,HNO3ä¸éå)Al+4HNO3(ç¨)===Al(NO3)3+NOâ+2H2O Al+4H++NO3â=Al3++NOâ+2H2O2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2â 2Al+2OHâ+2H2O=2AlO2â+3H2â2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3 3Fe+2O2 Fe3O4 2Fe+O2 2FeO (ç¼é¢è¿ç¨)Fe+I2 FeI2Fe+S FeS (FeSæ¢è½ç±åè´¨å¶å¤ï¼åè½ç±ç¦»åå¶å¤)3Fe+4H2O(g) Fe3O4+4H2âFe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2â Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2âFe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu Fe+Cu2+=Fe2++CuâFe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2(éå¨é
¸æ§ç¯å¢ä¸,ä¸è½æåæ°¯åé¡å®å
¨è¿å为åè´¨é¡Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Snâ Fe+Sn2+=Fe2++Snâä¸ï¼ééå±æ°¢åç©(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)éå±æ°¢åç©(NaH)1ãè¿åæ§:4HCl(æµ)+MnO2 MnCl2+Cl2â+2H2O4H++2Clâ+MnO2 Mn2++Cl2â+2H2O4HCl(æµ)+PbO2 PbCl2+Cl2â+2H2O4H++2Clâ+PbO2 Pb2++Cl2â+2H2O4HCl(g)+O2 2Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2â+8H2O16 H++10Cl-+2MnO4â=2Mn2++5Cl2â+8H2O6HCl+KClO3==KCl+3Cl2â+3H2O6H++5Clâ+ClO3â=3Cl2â+3H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2â+7H2O14H++6Clâ+Cr2O72â=2Cr3++5Cl2â+7H2O2H2O+2F2===4HF+O22HCl+F2=2HF+Cl2 (F2æ°ä¸HClãHBrãHIãH2SãNH3æ°ä½ä¸è½å
±å)2HBr+Cl2=2HCl+Br2 (Cl2æ°ä¸HBrãHIãH2SãNH3æ°ä½ä¸è½å
±å)2H2S+3O2(足é) 2SO2+2H2O 2H2S+O2(å°é) 2Sâ+2H2O2H2S+SO2===3Sâ+2H2O H2S+H2SO4(æµ)===Sâ+SO2â+2H2O3H2S+2HNO3(ç¨)===3Sâ+2NOâ+4H2O3H2S+2H++2NO3â=3Sâ+2NOâ+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5Sâ+8H2O5H2S+2MnO4â+6H+=2Mn2++5Sâ+8H2O3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3Sâ+7H2O3H2S+Cr2O72â+8H+===2Cr3++3Sâ+7H2OH2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOHH2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=8Na++ +2NH3+3CuO 3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl 8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4ClNH3+NaNO2+HCl==NaCl+N2â+2H2ONH3+NO2â+H+=N2â+2H2O4NH3+3O2(纯氧) 2N2+6H2O 4NH3+5O2 4NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO===5N2+6H2O (ç¨æ°¨æ¸
é¤NO)NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2â (çæ°¢å)NaH+H2O=Na++OHâ+H2â4NaH+TiCl4 Ti+4NaCl+2H2â CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2â+2H2â2ãé
¸æ§:4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2Oï¼å¯æµå®ç¿æ ·æé¢æ ·ä¸SiO2çå«éï¼ç»çéå»ï¼4HF+Si===SiF4+2H2â2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl H2S+Fe===FeSâ+H2âH2S+CuCl2===CuSâ+2HCl (å¼±é
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¸åååº)H2S+Cu2+=CuSâ+2H+H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2Sâ+2HNO3H2S+2Ag+=Ag2Sâ+2H+H2S+HgCl2===HgSâ+2HClH2S+Hg2+=HgSâ+2H+H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbSâ+2HNO3 (é
è¯çº¸æ£éªç©ºæ°ä¸H2S)H2S+Pb2+=PbSâ+2H+H2S+2Ag===Ag2S+H2â(é¶å¨å¨ç©ºæ°ä¸åé»çåå )2NH3(液)+2Na==2NaNH2+H2â (NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3â)3ãNH3ç碱æ§ï¼NH3+HX===NH4X (Xï¼FãClãBrãIãS)NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3 NH3+H+=NH4+2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4 NH3+H+=NH4+NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Clï¼ä¾¯å¾·æ¦å¶ç¢±ï¼ç¨äºå·¥ä¸å¶å¤å°èæï¼èæï¼NH3+H2S==NH4HS NH3+H2S=NH4++HS-4ãä¸ç¨³å®æ§ï¼2HF H2+F2 2HCl H2+Cl2 2H2O 2H2+O22H2O2===2H2O+O2 H2S H2+S 2NH3 N2+3H22HI H2+I2åï¼ééå±æ°§åç©(SO3ãSO2ãN2OãNOãN2O3ãNO2ãN2O4ãN2O5ãCOãCO2ãSiO2ãP2O3ãP2O5ãCl2OãCl2O3ãCl2O5ãCl2O7ãClO2)1ãä½ä»·æçè¿åæ§ï¼(SO2ãCOãNO)2SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4ï¼è¿æ¯SO2å¨å¤§æ°ä¸ç¼æ
¢åççç¯å¢åå¦ååºï¼2SO2+O2 2SO3 SO2+NO2===SO3+NOSO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42â+2ClâSO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBr Br2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42â+2BrâSO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HI I2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42â+2Iâ2NO+O2===2NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH===2NaNO2ï¼ç¨äºå¶ç¡é
¸å·¥ä¸ä¸å¸æ¶å°¾æ°ä¸çNOåNO2ï¼NO+NO2+2OHâ=2NO2â2CO+O2 2CO2 CO+CuO Cu+CO23CO+Fe2O3 2Fe+3CO2 CO+H2O CO2+H22ãæ°§åæ§ï¼SO2+2H2S===3S+2H2OSO3+2KI K2SO3+I2NO2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2+2KOHï¼ä¸è½ç¨æ·ç²KI溶液é´å«æº´è¸æ°åNO2ï¼4NO2+H2S===4NO+SO3+H2O2NO2+Cu 4CuO+N2 N2O+Zn ZnO+N2CO2+2Mg 2MgO+C (CO2ä¸è½ç¨äºæçç±Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,Kççç§çç«ç¾)SiO2+2H2 Si+2H2O SiO2+2Mg 2MgO+Si3ãä¸æ°´çä½ç¨:SO2+H2O===H2SO3SO3+H2O===H2SO4 SO3+H2O=2H++SO42â3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO (NO2ä¸æ¯ç¡é
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)N2O5+H2O===2HNO3 N2O5+H2O=2H++2NO3âP2O5+H2O(å·æ°´)===2HPO3P2O5+3H2O(çæ°´)===2H3PO4 (P2O5ææå¸æ°´,å¯ä½æ°ä½å¹²ç¥å)P2O5+3H2SO4(æµ)===2H3PO4+3SO3CO2+H2O===H2CO3Cl2O+H2O==2HClOCl2O7+H2O==2HClO4 Cl2O7+H2O=2H++2ClO4â4ãä¸ç¢±æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:SO2+2NH3+H2O===(NH4)2SO3SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===2NH4HSO32NH4HSO3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4+2H2O+2SO2â(ç¡«é
¸å·¥ä¸å°¾æ°å¤ç)SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3â+H2O (ä¸è½ç¨æ¾æ¸
ç³ç°æ°´é´å«SO2åCO2.å¯ç¨å红é´å«)SO3+MgO===MgSO4SO3+Ca(OH)2===CaSO4â+H2OCO2+NH3+H2O===NH4HCO3CO2+2NH3(è¿é)+H2O===(NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2CO3 (NH2)2CO+2H2OCO2+2NH3 (NH2)2CO+H2O (å·¥ä¸å¶åå°¿ç´ )CO2+2NaOH(è¿é)==Na2CO3+H2O 2OH-+CO2=CO32â+H2OCO2(è¿é)+NaOH==NaHCO3 OH-+CO2=HCO3âCO2+Ca(OH)2(è¿é)==CaCO3+H2O Ca2++2 +CO2=CaCO3â+H2O2CO2(è¿é)+Ca(OH)2==Ca(HCO3)2 OHâ+CO2=HCO3âCO2+CaCO3+H2O==Ca(HCO3)2 CO2+CaCO3+H2O=Ca2++2HCO3âCO2(ä¸è¶³)+2NaAlO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3â+Na2CO3CO2+3H2O+AlO2â=Al(OH)3â+CO32âCO2(足)+NaAlO2+2H2O===Al(OH)3â+NaHCO3CO2+2H2O+AlO2â=Al(OH)3â+HCO3âCO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OHâ+NaHCO3CO2+C6H5Oâ+H2O=C6H5OHâ+HCO3âSiO2+CaO CaSiO3 (ç¼é¢é 渣)SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O(常温ä¸å¼ºç¢±ç¼æ
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èç»ç)SiO2+Na2CO3 Na2SiO3+CO2 (å¶åç»ç)SiO2+CaCO3 CaSiO3+CO2 (å¶åç»ç)2NO2+2NaOH==NaNO2+NaNO3+H2O2NO2+2OHâ=NO3â+NO2â+H2ONO+NO2+2NaOH==2NaNO2+H2O (å¶åç¡é
¸å·¥ä¸å°¾æ°å¸æ¶)NO+NO2+2OHâ=2NO3â+H2Oäºï¼éå±æ°§åç©1ãä½ä»·æçè¿åæ§:6FeO+O2===2Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3===Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2OFeO+4H++NO3â=Fe3++NO2â+2H2O2ãæ°§åæ§:Na2O2+2Na 2Na2Oï¼æ¤ååºç¨äºå¶å¤Na2Oï¼MgOï¼Al2O3å ä¹æ²¡ææ°§åæ§ï¼å¾é¾è¢«è¿å为Mgï¼Al.ä¸è¬éè¿çµè§£å¶MgåAl.Fe2O3+3H2 2Fe+3H2O(å¶è¿åéç²)Fe3O4+4H2 3Fe+4H2O CuO+H2 Cu+H2O2Fe3O4+16HI==6FeI2+8H2O+2I22Fe3O4+16H++4Iâ=6Fe2++8H2O+2I2Fe2O3+Fe 3FeO (ç¼é¢è¿ç¨ä¸å å
¥åºé¢ä½æ°§åå)FeO+C Fe+CO (é«æ¸©ç¼é¢è°èCå«é)2FeO+Si 2Fe+SiO2 (é«æ¸©ç¼é¢è°èSiå«é)3ãä¸æ°´çä½ç¨:Na2O+H2O==2NaOHNa2O+H2O=2Na++2OHâ2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2â2Na2O2+2H2O=4Na++4OHâ+O2â(æ¤ååºå两æ¥:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2;2H2O2===2H2O+O2 H2O2çå¶å¤å¯å©ç¨ç±»ä¼¼çååº:BaO2+H2SO4(ç¨)===BaSO4+H2O2)MgO+H2O===Mg(OH)2(ç¼æ
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¸æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:Na2O+SO3==Na2SO4 Na2O+CO2==Na2CO3 MgO+SO3===MgSO4Na2O+2HCl==2NaCl+H2ONa2O+2H+=2Na++H2O2Na2O2+2CO2==2Na2CO3+O2âNa2O2+H2SO4(å·,ç¨)===Na2SO4+H2O2MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2OMgO+2H+=Mg2++H2OAl2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2OAl2O3+6H+=2Al3++3H2OAl2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO2+H2O (Al2O3两æ§æ°§åç©)Al2O3+2OHâ=2AlO2â+H2OFeO+2HCl===FeCl2+H2OFeO+2H+=Fe2++H2OFe2O3+6HCl===2FeCl3+3H2OFe¬2O3+6H+=2Fe3++3H2OFe3O4+8HCl===FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OFe¬3O4+8H+=2Fe3++Fe2++4H2O
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