如何理解英语语法中的"独立结构

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

下面内容摘自 高中英语语法通霸，希望对你有所帮助。
非谓语作状语时一般要看其和主语之间的逻辑关系，如果是主动关系，用现在分词，如果是被动关系，用过去分词，如果表将来，用动词不定式。
A. 句子主语和状语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语
“You can’t catch me!”Jane shouted, ______ away.
A. run B. running C.to run D. ran
分析：句子主语Jane和run构成主动关系，所以用现在分词。run 是在shout的同时发生，所以作伴随状语。本题选B。
B. 句子主语和状语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语，如：
______ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.
A. Taken B.Taking
C. Having taken D. Being taken
分析：句子主语thewounded soldier和take构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词。本题选A。
C. 表示“为了……”，常用不定式作状语，这时状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比，是将来。
______ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping
C. Sleep D.Having slept
分析：sleep和句子主语构成主动，又有 “为了”之意，所以选A，作目的状语。
但是评注性状语在逻辑上和句子主语并没有关系。
英语的状语从功能上可以分为三类：
He walked carefully.
(carefully修饰谓语，是修饰性状语)
He learns easily, and what’s more, he remembers what he has learnt.
（what’smore起连接作用，是连接性状语）
Unfortunately, he ismad.
( Unfortunately为评注性状语）
在非谓语中，作评注性状语的一般是不定式和现在分词，他们的逻辑主语并不是句子的主语，而是说话者或泛指人们。有的地方也称他们为“独立结构”、“插入语”、“悬垂分词”等。
评注性状语说明说话人或人们对说话内容所持的态度。

1. ______, the more expensive the camera, thebetter its quality.
A. General speaking B.Speaking general
C. Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
2. ______ his age, the little boy read quitewell.
A. Considering B.Considered
C. Consider D.Having considered
3. ______ from the appearance, it is verypeaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon.
A. Judged B. Judging
C. Having judged D.To judge
4. ______ she can’t come, who will do the work?
A. Supposed B.Supposing
C. Having supposed D. Beingsupposed
5. ______ you the truth, I’d rather read thanwatch television; the program seem to be getting worse all the time.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Having told
6. —What happened to youon your way back to the hotel last night?
—I lost my way in complete darkness and, ______ things worse, itbegan to pour.
A. making B. to make C. having made D. make
7. 【2010浙江】—Accordingto my grandma, it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when you have a cold.
—______, scientists agreewith her.
A. Sooner or later B.Once in a while
C. To be exact D.Believe it or not
8. 【2009浙江】______, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quiteinteresting .
A. Generally speaking B. Onthe contrary
C. In particular D.To be honest
注意：
有些这样使用的分词，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。
considering可以作介词和连词
Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly.
考虑到天气，我们到这里还算迅速。（介词）
She did well to find the way, considering she’d only been there oncebefore.
考虑到她只去过那里一次，她找到路还算不错。
providing, supposing可以作连词
（参看P. 157考点7、考点6）