The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad ), first held in 1896, is an international multi-sport event that is hosted by a different city every four years. The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The International Olympic Committee organizes the games and oversees the host city's preparations. In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third; this tradition began in 1904. The Winter Olympic Games were created due to the success of the Summer Olympics.
The Olympics have increased in scope from a 42-event competition with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896 to 302 events with 10,768 competitors (5,992 men, 4,776 women) from 204 nations in 2012.
Eighteen countries have hosted the Summer Olympics. The United States has hosted four Summer Olympics (1904, 1932, 1984, 1996), more than any other nation, and Great Britain has hosted three Summer Olympics (1908, 1948, 2012), all in London. Four cities have hosted two Summer Olympics: Athens (1896, 2004), Paris (1900, 1924), Los Angeles (1932, 1984), and Tokyo (1964, 2020). Tokyo is the first city outside of the Western world to host the Summer Olympics multiple times.
Asia has hosted the Summer Olympics four times (1964, 1988, 2008, 2020) in Japan, South Korea, and China. The only Summer Olympics held in the Southern Hemisphere have been in Australia (1956, 2000) and Brazil (2016). The 2016 Games are the first Summer Olympics to be held in South America and the first to be held during the local winter season. Africa has yet to host a Summer Olympics.
Only five countries—Greece, Australia, France, Great Britain, and Switzerland—have been represented at every Summer Olympic Games. The only country to have won at least one gold medal at every Summer Olympic Games is Great Britain. The United States leads the all-time medal table.
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