电影《雨人》问题...

电视上说这部电影里哥哥这个角色取于一个真实人物..
就说电影是根据那个真实人物拍的..
我要问的是这个真实人物叫什么,是谁。
这人的观察力和记忆力真的有那么好?
还有让我纳闷的是,他是怎么那么快就算出【1234*4321=?】还有好几道像这样的题的?
其他的对我来说比较好理解,就是这个算术我不能理解.

我有2个问题:取决现实生活的这个人是谁。他怎么那么快算出的?

据美联社9日报道,美国盐湖城的基姆·皮克是一个患有自闭症的天才,他精通从文学到历史在内的15个不同领域,能一字不漏地背诵至少9000本书的内容,但他在其他方面却有些“弱智”,如不会穿衣服等。好莱坞电影《雨人》(RainMan)就是以他为原型。美国宇航局科学家称,他们上周已经用研究太空旅行对人体影响的高科技设备,对基姆·皮克的脑部进行了扫描检测,试图了解他的大脑的秘密。

能记住9000本书

据报道,现年53岁的皮克是一个自闭症患者,但也被人称做“超级天才”,因为他在历史、文学、地理、体育、音乐等15个不同领域都有着超凡的天赋。据为他进行脑部扫描的加州医学中心主任理查德·波尔利称,皮克的大脑不仅具有独特的能力,并且所有证据显示,随着时间流逝,他的大脑仿佛也变得越来越聪明。

据报道,皮克经常在下午来到盐湖城公共图书馆看书,每看一本书他都几乎能过目不忘,有时候他甚至无聊地看电话号码簿,并能将一本号码簿上的名字和电话号码一字不差地记住。据皮克的父亲弗朗称,当皮克还只有12到20个月大时,他就能记住父母向他朗读的每一本书的内容,直到如今,皮克的大脑至少记住了9000本书的内容。

不过,皮克在其他方面却显得相当“低能”,如找不到抽屉、不会穿衣服等。

大脑有“数据储存区”

皮克的故事给了好莱坞导演灵感,1988年奥斯卡获奖电影《雨人》正是以他为原型拍摄的。这部电影也让皮克出了名,电影播放后,皮克的生活也戏剧般地改变了。此前他很少与别人交往,甚至从不看别人的脸,但电影播放后,皮克开始渐渐改变自己,试图与人们交往,到公共场所发表演讲。

然而,皮克的“大脑奇迹”一直困惑着美国众专家,据报道,当皮克出生时,医生们曾发现他的头盖骨右半部有一个水疱,后来的测试显示,皮克的大脑竟然没有像普通人那样左右半球分开,而是形成了一个单独的、巨大的“数据储存区”。

据皮克的父亲弗朗称,皮克大脑的这一生理状况很可能正是皮克能记住超过9000本书内容的原因,但这也造成了他的运动技能远远落后于同龄人。

高科技解读“自闭症天才”之谜

据美国宇航局研究小组专家称,科学家们给皮克做了包括核磁共振断层照影术在内的一系列检查。测试结果将创建出一系列皮克大脑的精确三维图像。

研究者们打算将新的三维图像与1988年美国犹他大学神经学专家丹·克里斯汀森博士曾为皮克拍摄过的核磁共振成像图像进行比较,以了解在这16年时间中,皮克的大脑中到底发生了什么变化,为何仿佛使他变得越来越聪明。

皮克的父亲弗朗对记者说:“这次测试的目的是为了发现,当基姆在表达和思考问题的时候,在他的大脑中到底发生了什么变化。”

全球约有50位白痴天才 孤独症患者为何出天才?

时间:2006年09月24日09:34 我来说两句(10)

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【来源:北青网—北京科技报】

丹尼尔·塔曼特

全球大约有50位白痴天才

现年27岁的英国男子丹尼尔·塔曼特堪称天才,他拥有惊人的“记忆数字”能力,能将圆周率背诵到小数点后面第22514位。他不仅精通数10种语言,还创立了一家记忆技巧公司,专门教人如何更快更有效地学习数学和语言。

然而严重的孤独症却让他自小无法与人正常交流,也无法理解常人的感情。他的世界里只有数字,在那里从1到1万的每个数字都有着特有的颜色、纹理和情感共鸣的地方。

例如4代表害羞和安静,6代表黑暗空虚……

不久前,本报曾独家专访过这位白痴天才。最近,丹尼尔·塔曼特又出版了他的自传《诞生于忧郁日子》。

据统计,像丹尼尔这样的白痴天才在全球已确诊有50人左右。

可能令人感到好奇的是,“智能低下”与“天赋惊人”看似矛盾的两个方面怎么如此真实地同时出现在一个人身上?

相信很多人曾看过电影《雨人》,男主角与丹尼尔有很多相似之处。《雨人》乃是真实故事改编成电影,真正的雨人金·皮克与其父法兰·皮克目前居住于犹他州盐湖城。金是一个机械记忆能力超强的天才。金的总智商约87(±3),然而根据心理学家与教育学家之推估,他的记忆智商约达220,幸亏他有高达220的记忆智商,始能将总智商提高到87(±3),如果他的记忆智商只有87(±3)时,他的总智商可能会低到智力测验无法测得,他将是一个不折不扣的重度或极重度智能障碍者,其间差异之显著,举世无匹。

像“雨人”和丹尼尔这种智能低下却又在某方面拥有惊人天赋的人,被称为“白痴学者”或“白痴天才”,也就是“孤独症学者”。

令人感到好奇的是,“智能低下”与“天赋惊人” 看似矛盾异常的两个方面怎么如此真实同时出现在一个人身上?

孤独症患者的人际关系智能受损,但没有影响到其他智能的发挥

美国媒体曾报道,美国音乐特殊才能智障学者蕾丝莉(Leslie Lemke)从未受过正式的音乐训练,她十多岁时,首次听到柴可夫斯基的第一号钢琴协奏曲,她毫不犹豫并且流畅地在钢琴上弹出。她可以用钢琴弹出任何她听过的音乐,无论它有多长或多复杂。然而她不能握住刀叉、汤匙或用碗筷吃饭,最缺乏日常生活自理能力。当你对她说话时她很少能重复你的语句,连鹦鹉式的模仿都感困难。

中科院心理研究所的刘正奎博士说,人的认知包括三方面:对客观世界的认知;对生理的认知(包括生老病死);对心理和情感的认知。患有孤独症(通常所说的自闭症)的人对心理情感认知上存在障碍,缺乏认知他人情感的能力。

但是,哈佛大学教授加德纳提出多元智能理论,将人的智能分为语言智能、逻辑-数学智能、空间智能、运动智能、音乐智能、人际关系智能、自我认识智能和自然智能。这几种智能之间相互独立,例如音乐智能差的人,其语言智能可能很出众。陈景润的数学天赋在国内算得上首屈一指,但是他却在人际关系方面相当缺乏经验。可见这二者并不互相影响。因此孤独症患者的人际关系智能虽然受损,但没有影响到其他智能的发挥。

孤独症患者缺乏其他刺激,往往重复做同一件事

另据报道,日本有一位美术特殊才能智障学者山本吉彦6个月时发现脑水肿,成为重度智能障碍者,直到6岁还无法完成大小便训练,不会说话,严重的听力损失导致语言障碍,12岁时他的心理年龄大约只有3岁,智力测验结果智商23左右。山本在国中入学面谈时,还无法回答诸如:“你叫什么名字?”、“你从哪一个学校毕业?”等简单问题,也不会写日本字母,精神心理学家的报告认为山本没有接受教育的潜能,他好像喜欢无声世界。既然他不喜欢语言,川崎鼓励他每天用图画来描述他的生活,以图画来写日记,于是山本开始每天专注于自己的画,他可以如佛像一般,坐在他的座位上好几小时不吵不闹。

后来,他的画受到很多人的追捧,被誉为日本另一位梵谷(荷兰印象派画家)。其画作先后在美国、日本等地展出。孤独症患者往往重复做同一件事。由于他们不能感知别人的情感和思想,因此更执著于他们自己的世界。孤独症患者的行为特点就是刻板的重复。而不断重复恰恰又是行为训练的重要方式。当重复达到一定数量,人的行为便形成模块,可以下意识地对模块进行自动加工,而不需要占用大脑资源。而普通人虽然平均智力水平相对更高,但是他们每天需要接收和处理的信息量也很大。人的精力就像保鲜水杯里的水,常人要将水洒在各种不同的领域,才能满足其生活和发展需要,因此每一份水可能只有很少的几滴;而孤独症患者也许只有半杯水,但是他们却将这半杯水全部洒在同一个地方,效果就会十分明显。

天才在任何群体中都有概率

另外,天才在任何群体中都有概率。无论是正常人群还是在某方面有缺陷的人群,都有可能诞生天才。在普通人群中也有能力超群的人。浙江定海县一个仅21个月的幼女已经能认出1500个汉字。她在9个月时便表现出非同一般的记忆力,家里的被子晒在阳台上,父母忘记收,她就用手指着窗外,呀呀地叫个不停。父亲买回幼儿智力卡片,她只看一遍,就记住了二十几张卡片的内容。

-文/本报实习记者 孙晓煜

延伸阅读

孤独症患者为何大多对数字敏感?

美国研究曾报告一对很有名的24岁同卵双胞胎乔治和查尔斯,两兄弟的智商分别是60与70左右,均属智能障碍。由于家人受不了他们的怪异行为,当他们9岁时被送到列契渥斯村,这是一所位于纽约州希尔斯的州立精神医院。

院内医生在对他们进行研究时问到:“2020年的哪一个月的第一天是星期五?”

两兄弟想了几秒后答道:“三月、二月和十一月。”

医生再问:“有哪些年的四月二十一日是星期日?”

答:“1957,1963和1946年。”如果不按年代次序排列,答案反而迅速而正确。

像丹尼尔这样“学者孤独症”患者多数会在数字记忆方面的天赋十分突出。再比如,前面提到的真雨人金·皮克所拥有的特殊能力领域很广,但大多与记忆有关。所有人口数超过8百之美国城市,金都能告诉你该市有几号公路经过、哪条铁路或河流穿过市区或市郊、该市的邮政编码,如果要看区域电视,应看第几频道。

还有一位美国人,名叫肯尼士(Kenneth),心理专家指出,肯尼士实足年龄能38岁,心理年龄11岁,识字不多,但他能告诉你美国每一个人口数超过5千的大小城镇,美国排名前2千的各大饭店之名字、房间数及所在位置,统计3千座山与河流以及大约2千件主要的发明和发现。

刘正奎博士认为,患有孤独症的人对数量化的敏感是一种本能。数量化是人构建对整个世界认识的最基本关系。新生儿就能分辨出1和3的区别,即使是动物也能对数量有基本的认识。而其他诸如逻辑思维、判断力等高层次的能力,则需要后天的构筑。孤独症患者具有和常人一样的先天能力,但是由于其接收信息的能力不足,只在后天的某些能力上有所欠缺。

名词解释

孤独症学者(Autistic Savant):是个人存在主要的心理疾病或性格异常,或情感障碍(如孤独症),但却拥有与他的障碍全然相对的,惊人的心理运作能力。部分孤独症患者的认知能力,甚至于超出常人,具有极强数字记忆能力、美术、音乐等特殊能力。

“孤独症”患者的治疗训练,必须有一个依托,通常是用其感兴趣的事物对人类情感加以诠释。比如丹尼尔可以通过数字初步了解他人的情感,这有助于减轻病症。
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第1个回答  2009-02-12
Whatever happened to the real Rainman, the quiet genius, Kim Peek, whose extraordinary life story inspired the character played by Dustin Hoffman. Since the Oscar-winning movie Rainman became a worldwide hit, the once-reclusive Kim Peek has wowed and thrilled over a half million people, demonstrating his phenomenal brain power in a unique roadshow that travels around the USA

Now for the first time Kim Peek’s remarkable personal story has been the subject of a full-length documentary made by the award-winning producers behind the sensational worldwide hit The Boy with the Incredible Brain / Brainman, Focus Productions of Bristol UK.

This film has just been nominated for the Royal Television Society (RTS) national awards to be announced in London on March14th. It has already won Best Documentary and Best Editing at the Bristol RTS awards.

The Real Rainman will be transmitted for the first time on Monday 27th February at 9.00pm on Five, and repeated three days later at 11.00pm on Thursday 2nd March.

For this new “wonderful and moving film” cameras have followed Kim as he toured around America meeting scientists who tried to uncover the secret of Kim ‘s remarkable intelligence.

When movie star Dustin Hoffman won the Oscar for his performance in Rainman he said to Kim Peek in front of millions of viewers “Kim, I may be the star, but you are the heavens”.

But the true story of Kim is more amazing than any film.

When Kim was born he was so brain-damaged that doctors told his father to put him into an institution and even suggested he have a lobotomy. Unwilling to turn their back on their disabled son Kim’s parents decided to bring him up themselves.

But unknown to his parents, whilst they were away at work, Kim read every book, every Readers Digest, encyclopedia and telephone directory in their house.

Everything Kim read from the age of 3, he retained, nothing was forgotten, he was able to read two pages of a book at once, one with each eye, and he was also able to read upside down and mirror image writing with equal ease.

He also learnt to do maths and calendar calculating at breathtaking speeds. Kim also knows every zip code in America --- and not only the codes themselves but thousands of details about the zip code area.

But all of this talent remained largely hidden --- his parents did not realize that he had a mind and memory better than a whole stadium full of encyclopaedias --- because they had been told from a young age that he was mentally retarded.

Kim’s extraordinary mental abilities were only truly appreciated after TV and film screenwriter Barry Morrow interviewed Kim for a film he was researching.
“I don’t think anybody could spend five minutes with Kim and not come away with a slightly altered view of themselves, the world and our potential as human beings” says Barry who was so astounded by Kim’s genius that it gave him the idea for the movie Rainman.

Ever since the movie was a major worldwide hit, Kim has been traveling around the USA speaking to people to explain what it is like to be have a mind and memory like Rainman.

Nowadays, Kim still may not be able to dress himself or brush his own teeth but he has an IQ of 184 and stuns people wherever he goes with his memory. Kim goes on road shows around America, visiting schools, rotary clubs and universities to demonstrate as his father Fran Peek puts it: “ that its OK to be handicapped”. Audiences cannot believe his speed of mental processing and his seemingly endless memory.

“He can recite cast lists and lines of dialogue from any of the scores of books, movies and plays he’s read or seen, including Shakespeare ----but he cant explain what they mean. He has a perpetual calendar in his head to identify any day or date in history or the future --- but he cant figure out how to sharpen his pencil.”

School children on the roadshows are asked to come prepared with a list of questions which they have researched on any subject --- so that Kim can demonstrate his knowledge --- of just about everything from history to sport, music to maths, literature to movies.

One woman asked him what coincided with her husband’s birthdate of Feb 20th 1938. Kim began reciting Adolf Hitler’s Reichstag address.

Ask him what year Tchaikovsky finished the Nutcracker suite. He’ll not only tell you 1892 but sing several parts for you.

In the film Kim meets four bedazzled teams of scientists who try to unravel his remarkable brain power, they include the world’s leading neuroscientist Professor V S Ramachandran of the University of San Diego, who makes a profound discovery through Kim about the nature of savant intelligence.

But Kim is no ordinary subject for investigation, he makes the scientists both laugh and cry, confounding them with his unique take on life. Finally, Kim travels to England, the first time he has ever left the USA and faces his stiffest test: the students of the Oxford Union Debating Society, where virtually every President and Prime Minister has spoken. But, as always, Kim not only amazes his erudite audience but charms the socks off them as well.

The film is not just a portrait of the “world’s greatest savant” it is also a moving account of a unique human relationship between Kim and his dedicated father, the equally remarkable Fran Peek.

Produced by Focus Productions Bristol UK whose film on maths genius and savant Daniel Tammet, entitled Brainman/ The Boy with Incredible Brain has won two Royal Television Society Awards and been sold to over 30 countries all over the world.

The Real Rainman is a co production for Five, Discovery Science and The History Channel and is distributed worldwide by Channel 4 International.
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