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Question

在矿井生产中，有各种水源不断涌入地下，如地下水、大气降水、生产用水和采空区涌水等。这些涌水汇集井下，就会影响生产正常进行，如不及时排出还有淹没矿井的危险。矿井排水设备的任务就是排出不断涌入地下的涌水，创造良好的劳动环境，保证矿井正常生产和安全。因此矿井排水设备是矿山是矿山必不可少的设备，保证它稳定、可靠、经济地运转对整个矿井生产具有重要意义。
1． 水泵
必须有工作、备用和检修水泵，工作水泵应能在20小时内排出矿井24小时的正常涌水量，备用水泵的能力应不小于工作水泵的70%，工作和备用水泵的总能力，应能在20小时内排出矿井24小时的最大涌水量。检修水泵的能力应不小于工作水泵能力的25%。
2．水管
必须有工作和备用水管。工作水管应能配合工作水泵在20小时内排出矿井24小时的正常涌水量，工作和备用水管的总能力，应能配合工作和备用水泵在20小时内排出24小时的最大涌水量。
3．水泵房出口
主泵房至少有两个出口，一个用斜巷与井筒相通，其出口高出泵房地面7m以上。另一个通井底车场，该出口通道内，应设置防火防水密闭门。泵房地面标高应高于井底车场0.5m。
4．供电线路
矿山主排水设备属矿山一级负荷，供电线路不得少于两条回路，当其中一回路停止供电时，另一回路应能负担全部负荷的供电。
5．排水设备必须在较高效率下工作。
二．根据任务书要求，进行相关的设计计算
1．初步选择排水方案
根据矿井深度，开拓系统以及各水平涌水量的大小不同，排水系统可以采取不同的方案。矿井排水设备采用何种排水系统，须经过技术经济比较后再确定。在技术经济合理的前提下，排水系统应尽量简化。
2．进行设备选型以及相关计算
本设计中，根据 、 值及矿水性质，选用三种不同水泵，经过校验，核算最终排除两种方案。
3．确定管路系统及确定必要而合理的管路附件及数量，并绘制管路系统图。
4．计算管路特性，作管路特性曲线，并确定设备工况
合理的工况是，工况点位于工业利用区内偏大流量区段，且工况点的效率大于70%，当工况点位于工业利用区小流量区段或超出工业利用区，若泵选择合理，均说明管路系统选择的不合理，应重新选择管路系统。
5．计算水泵的允许吸水高度并校验排水时间
在矿井排水中实际的吸水高度必须小于或等于允许吸水高度。为确保水泵正常工作，应将计算的结果舍去小数部分，而取整，若吸水高度小于3.5m左右，应考虑辅助泵注水或其它措施，以确保水泵正常工作；正常涌水时的排水时间和最大涌水时的排水时间都应小于或等于20小时。
6．确定水泵的型号、台数及管路系统
在满足合理工况的前提下，若两种（含以上）型号的水泵及其管路系统（二种及以上管径）均满足排水要求时，分别计算出装置效率，选择出装置效率高的泵和管路系统作为优选的排水设备。
最后，对所剩方案进行经济核算，以吨水百米费用和初期投入为指标筛选出最终方案。
选择系统配套附件，根据所选水泵和电机的外形尺寸及安装要求，并考虑其运行条件，确定注水泵房的外形尺寸，最终确定泵房及管路的布置图。
三．对水泵的叶轮结构形式进行分析，并用速度系数法对叶轮的结构参数进行设计计算。
叶轮是离心式水泵的主要零件，按其吸水方式可分为单吸式叶轮与双吸式叶轮两种；依其盖板覆盖情况可分为开式、半开式和封闭式叶轮三种。
叶轮主要几何参数有叶轮进口直径D 、叶片进口直径D 、叶轮轮毂直径d 、叶片进口角 ，叶轮出口直径D 、叶轮出口宽度b ，叶片出口角 和叶片数Z。叶轮进口几何参数对汽浊具有重要影响，叶轮出口几何参数对性能（H、Q）具有主要影响，而两者对效率均有影响。

Answer 1

In mine production, the influx of a variety of underground water sources, such as groundwater, precipitation, water production and mined-out area, such as water gushing. These Underground Water Survey, will affect the normal production, if not promptly from the flooded mine also the danger. Mine drainage equipment from the mission is the continuous influx of underground water gushing, to create a good working environment, and ensure normal production and mine safety. So mine is mine drainage equipment is essential for mining equipment to ensure its stability, reliability and economic functioning of the entire mine production is of great significance.
1. Pump
Must have work, spare and repair water pumps, water pumps should be able to work 20 hours within 24 hours of mine from the normal discharge, spare capacity to pump should be not less than 70 percent of the pumps, water pumps and spare the total capacity, should be able to In the 20 hours from the mine within a 24-hour maximum discharge. Maintenance of the ability to pump the work should be not less than 25 percent of capacity pumps.
2. Water pipes
Must have a water main and backup work. Plumbing work should be able to work with the pumps within 20 hours from the normal 24-hour mine Chung water, plumbing work and the total spare capacity, should be able to cope with work and backup pumps in 20 hours from 24 hours in the largest discharge.
3. The export pumps
The main pumping station at least two exports, with a shaft Inclined Drift and the same, higher than its exports of the pumping station 7 m above the ground. Another bottom-parking lots, the export channel, the water should be set up fire doors closed. Pumping station should be higher than the bottom elevation of the ground yards 0.5 m.
4. Supply line
Mine is the main drainage equipment mine a load, power supply lines not less than two-loop, when one of them to stop power supply circuit, another circuit should be able to bear the entire burden of electricity supply.
5. Drainage equipment must be in a higher efficiency of work.
二. Under the mandate of the request, the associated design and calculation
1. The initial choice of the drainage programme
According to the mine depth, open up the system and the level of discharge of different sizes, drainage systems can take different options. Mine drainage equipment to be adopted drainage system, the technology required to determine the economic future comparison. In the technical and economic reasonable under the premise of the drainage system should be as simple as possible.
2. A selection of equipment and related terms
The design, based on the value and nature of mineral water, choice of three different pumps, after calibration, the final accounting rule out two options.
3. Identify pipeline system and determine the necessary and reasonable pipeline Annex and the number and rendering pipeline system map.
4. Calculation of line, characteristic of a pipeline, and to determine the status of the equipment
Reasonable working conditions, conditions in the industry point of the region too large flow section, and working conditions, the efficiency of more than 70%, when conditions at the industrial use in small sections or exceed the flow of industrial use, if the pump A reasonable choice, the choice of pipeline system that are unreasonable, should be re-select pipeline system.
5. Calculated to allow the water pump and check the drainage time high
In mine drainage water in the actual height must be less than or equal to allow a high degree of water. To ensure that the pumps to work, the results of calculation should be rounded down to decimal parts and rounded, if the water is less than 3.5 m high around, should consider supporting pump water or other measures to ensure that the pumps work; normal water gushing at the time of the drainage And the largest water gushing at the time of the drainage should be less than or equal to 20 hours.
6. Determine the type pumps, piping system and the number of Taiwan
To meet the reasonable working conditions under the premise that if two (including the above) models of pumps and piping system (two kinds diameter and above) are to meet drainage requirements were calculated device efficiency, high-efficiency device to select the pump And the piping system as optimization of the drainage equipment.
Finally, the remaining programme of economic accounting, with tons of water 100 meters and initial investment costs for the selected indicators of the final package.
Selection System Accessories, in accordance with the selected pumps and motors Dimension and installation requirements, and its operating conditions to determine the water pumping station Dimension, the final layout of the pumping station and pipeline plans.
三. The pump impeller structure for analysis and use the speed factor of the structural parameters of the impeller design calculations.
Impeller centrifugal pumps are the main parts, according to their means water can be divided into single-and dual-impeller suction aspiration impeller two; according to cover coverage can be divided into open and semi-open impeller and closed three.
Impeller geometry parameters are mainly imported impeller diameter D, leaves import diameter D, impeller wheel diameter d, blade angle of imports, exports impeller diameter D, impeller exports width b, blade angle and leaves a few Z. Impeller geometry parameters on imports of steam cloud has an important influence, impeller geometry parameters on the export performance (H, Q) has major implications, both of the efficiency implications.

Answer 2

Have various headwaters to continuously flow out into the underground in the mineral well the production, such as the groundwater, atmosphere decline water, produce use water and adopt empty the area flow out water etc..These flow out water to gather together well bottom, meeting the influence produce normal carry on, such as can not compare with eject still have already drowned mineral well of dangerous.The mineral well drain the mission of equipments be eject to continuously flow out into underground of flow out water, create good of labor environment, assurance the mineral well be normal produce and safety.Therefore mineral well drain equipments' being a mineral mountain is a mineral mountain the equipments of the essential to have, assurance it stability, credibility, economy operation to the whole mineral well produce have importance meaning.
1. Water pump
Have to there are work, back up and check to fix water pump, work water pump should ability eject mineral well within 20 hours for 24 hours of normal flow out water quantity, back up water pump of ability should be no smaller than 70% that work water's pump, work and back up water pump of total ability, should ability eject mineral well within 20 hours for 24 hours of biggest flow out water quantity.The check fix water the ability of the pump should be no smaller than work water pump 25% of ability.
2.pipe line
Have to there is work and back up pipe line.Work pipe line should ability match work water pump eject mineral well within 20 hours for 24 hours of normal flow out water quantity, work and back up a pipe line of total ability, should ability match work and back up water pump eject within 20 hours for 24 hours of biggest flow out water quantity.
3.water pump house export
The lord pump house has two exports at least, 1 use inclined lane and well tube mutually, it export Gao Chu 7 m in the pump house ground above.Another the well bottom car field, should export inside passage, should constitution fire prevention watertightness closeness door.Elevation in the pump house ground should the Gao is at the well bottom car field 0.5 m.
4.power supply circuit
Mineral mountain lord drain the equipments belong to mineral mountain a class burden, power supply circuit can not less than two back track, be when one among those back tracks cut off power supply, another one back track should ability burden all power supply for carry.
5.drain an equipments have to at more high-efficiency descend a work.
Two.according to mission book request, carry on a related design calculation
1.first step choice drain project
According to mineral well depth, expand all of the dissimilarities that system and each level flow out water quantity, drain the system can adopt dissimilarity of project.Mineral well drain equipments adoption what drain system, beard through technique economy comparison empress again assurance.Under the premise that technique economy reasonable, drain system should as far as possible simplification.
2.carry on an equipments to choose type and related calculation
In this design, according to, value and mineral water property, choose to use three kinds of dissimilarity water pump, through school check, check end expel two kinds of project.
3.assurance the tube road system and assurance necessity but reasonable of tube road enclosure and amount, and draw tube road system diagram.
4.the calculation tube road characteristic, make tube road characteristic curve, and assurance equipments work condition
Reasonable of work condition BE, work condition point Be located on industry make use of to be partial to a big discharge block inside area, and work condition point of the efficiency be more than 70%, be work condition point Be located on industry make use of the area small discharge block or outrun industry make use of area, if pump choice reasonable, all elucidation tube road system choice of not reasonable, should afresh choice tube road system.
5.calculation water pump of allow and absorb water height combine the school check catchment time
In the mineral well the catchment actual of absorb water height have to be small in or equal to allow to absorb water height.For insure water pump normal work, should will calculation of result give up to the fraction part, but take whole, if absorb water height small or so at the 3.5 m, should consideration assistance pump note water or other measure with insure water pump normal work;Normal flow out water of drain time with biggest flow out water of drain time all should small in or equal for 20 hours.
6.assurance water pump of model number, set number and the tube road system
Under the premise that satisfy reasonable work condition, if water of two kinds(contain above) of model number pump and it tube road system(2 kind and above tube path) all satisfy drain request, respectively calculation equip efficiency, choice equip efficiency Gao of pump and tube the road system be an optimization of drain equipments.
End, carry on to the project remain economy check, with ton water 100 meters expenses and initial stage devotion for index sign sieving end project.
The choice system kit enclosure, according to water choose pump and electrical engineering of shape size and install request, and consideration it circulate condition, assurance note the shape size of water pump house, end assurance arrange of pump house and tube road diagram.
Three.to the leaf of the water pump round the structure form carry on analysis and the structure parameter which counteract speed coefficient a method to leaf's round carry on a design calculation.
Leaf's round is the main spare parts which leave the heart type water pump, pressing it to absorb water a way can is divided into list the absorb type leaf's round of the absorb type leaf's round and double 2 kind;Overlaying a circumstance according to its cover plank can is divided into an open type, the half open type and close the type leaf's round 3 kind.
Leaf's round several main parameter has a leaf a round import diameter D, leaf slice import diameter D, leaf round round Gu diameter d, leaf slice enter quarrel, leaf the round export diameter D, leaf the round export width b, leaf slice quarrel and leaf number Z.Leaf round import several the parameter be muddy to vapor to have importance influence, leaf the round export is several what the parameter have to the function(H, Q) main influence, but both all have influence to the efficiency.