1.say:动词,表示说的这个动作本身。He says that she is a beautiful girl.
2.saying:动词的进行时态,表示某人正在说;或者是伴随状态,一边做什么一边说。saying名词是表示谚语,一般用来引用一句古语或者名言,the saying "early bird catches the worm" tells us .......
3.read:表示读这个动作,he has read this book. 也能表示一般告示牌上写的内容,it reads“爱护环境靠大家”。
4.written:强调写这个动作,这个时态是write的
过去式。he written his homework yesterday.