非谓语动词的 用法

非谓语 在高中 怎么用啊? 你能告诉我么! 简单明了! 易懂

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
用法
动词不定式
动词不定式:(to)+ do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not + (to) do
以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:
1.一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.
例如:
It's nice to meet you.
很高兴见到你。
2.进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
男孩假装工作得很努力。
3.完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。
不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
To lose your heart means failure.
灰心意味着失败。
2.作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
工作是打扫大厅。
3.作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
我只能留在这里,别无选择。
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。
4.作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema.
他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院。
有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to。
5.作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。
如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
他无处安身。
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
他第一个来到这儿。
6.作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
To save money,he has tried every means.
为了省钱,他使出了浑身解数。
②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 意料之外):常放在never only后
He arrived late only to find the train had gone.
他来晚了,只见火车已经走了。
③表原因:常放在形容词后面
They were very sad to hear the news.
他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
太暗了,我们什么也看不见。
7.作目的状语:既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾
To tell you the truth,I don't like the way he talked.
说实话,我不喜欢他讲话的方式。
8.不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it,you don't need to.
如果你不想做这件事,你就不必做。
9.不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
他希望学医并成为医生。

动名词
动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。

一般式(谓语动词同时发生)
doing
being done

完成式(谓语动词发生之前)
having done
having been done
动名词的形式:Ving
否定式:not + 动名词
1.一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2.被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3.完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4.完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5.否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
6.复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
动名词的句法功能:(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
2.作表语:
In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
3.作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认),deny(否认),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险),appreciate(感激),be busy,be worth,feel like,can't stand,can't help(情不自禁地),think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…(from),protect…from,set about,be engaged in,spend…(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like
4.作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
5.作同位语:
The cave,his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit,listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。

现在分词
现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
1.现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park,singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework,he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
2.现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
现在分词的句法功能:
1.作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that
followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的
动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
3.作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
4.现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member,he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting,we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance,he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking,girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。

过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则
要求,要一一记住。
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做
定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done,they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen,it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time,I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears,he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。

不定式
1. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to,come to,lead to,refer to,
equal to,familiar to,point to,thank to,devote to,next to,belong to,be used to,look forward to
2. 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
( 但是:He was seen to enter the classroom .)
3. 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
区别:当使用for时,句中形容词修饰的是不定式;而用of时,句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。
It’s necessary for you to study hard .(necessary 修饰 to study hard,表示学习努力是有必要的)
It’s foolish of him to do it .(foolish 修饰逻辑主语him)
与of 连用的形容词有:
good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,…
与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词:
possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessary,…
4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有:
want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expect etc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语。例如:通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .
5.不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况:若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make,let,have(表示“让、使”)、感官动词see,watch,look at,observe, notice,hear,listen to, feel时,不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀:“三使五看两听一感觉”。例如:
Let's (to)go!走吧!
He saw the thief (to)steal a lady’s cellphone.
注:改为被动句时要把to还原,例如:
The thief was seen tosteal a lady’s cellphone.
6.不定式的省略。下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to。
want to,wish to,hope to,like to,hate to,plan to,try to,love to,have to,ought to,need to,used to,be able to
7.不定式作定语,应注意两种关系:
1)动宾关系:
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2)主谓关系:
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office,for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )
7.不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义:
1) 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常用的形容词有:
happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious . lucky,fortunate,proud,angry surprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有:
see,feel,hear,listen to,look at,watch,let,have make,observe,notice
注: 当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to,如:
He was seen to play in the street just now.
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  推荐于2016-09-22
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,非谓语动词分为动名词、分词、动词不定式

非谓语动词的特征:
1. 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.(studying 后跟宾语)
2. 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible. (under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. (for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
3. 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. (Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
4. 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here. (swimming 起形容词作用)

●动 词 不 定 式:
动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
1. 动词不定式作主语:
To teach English is my favorite.
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.
你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。
2. 动词不定式作宾语:
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.
What I wish is to learn English well.
3. 动词不定式作宾语补语
We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。
4. 动词不定式作表语
What I should do is to finish the task soon. 我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
5. 动词不定式作定语:
There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。
6. 不定式作状语:
We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师。

动词不定式的否定形式:
not + to + 动词原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。

带疑问词的不定式:
疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。
Where to go is not known yet.
去什么地方还不知道。

带逻辑主语的不定式:
动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是: for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。
注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式, for 本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。
It's necessary for us to help each other. 我们互相帮忙是必要的。
动词不定式的被动形式: 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。
He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。

● 动 名 词
动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语, 宾语,表语和定语。
1. 动名词作主语:
Talking like that is not polite.
(注:动名词可以象动词不定式一样,用 it 先行祠代替, 而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home.
2. 动名词作表语
The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
3. 动名词作宾语
有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是:begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.
Please stop smoking in the house.
4. 动名词作定语
She is studying in the reading room.

(动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词
He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。

动名词的被动形式 :
(当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。)

His being looked down upon made him sick.

动名词的几种特殊情况:
1. 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语,有些动词能跟不定式,有些两者都可以, 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有:
avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有:
decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,

能跟动名词和不定式的动词有: love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,
动词后面跟动名词还是不定式,含义不相同,总的来说,表示习惯的, 一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.
我想和你一块儿去。

2. remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时,动名词表示过去的动作, 后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。
I remember meeting him in the street.
3. "stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作, "stop + 不定式"表示停下来  做不定式所表示的动作。
Stop smoking, please. 请不要抽烟 。
4. 动名词和分词的区别:
动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系,而分词作定语时, 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕

● 分 词
分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成,它在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作定语,表语,状语。 working worked washing  washed
分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种,现在分词的形式同动名词一样,在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语,状语或表语。
1. 分词作定语
China is a developing country.
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前,如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后, 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等,分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。
分词和动名词都可以作定语,判断是分词还是动名词,可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断, 有主谓关系的是分词, 否则判断为动名词。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分词)
a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (动名词)
2. 分词作状语
Being a student, he likes to help others.
3. 分词作表语
The story is interesting .
4. 分词作宾语补足语
可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。
I saw him walking in the street.

have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的,而是由别人做的。
I have my hair cut. 我理发了。(是别人给我理发)
分词的否定形式。not + 分词
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
不知道下一步干什么,她停下来等着。
分词的时态 分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。
Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.
看到老师进来,学生们停下来不玩了。
分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。
Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.
收到一封信后,我知道一切都很好。
分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。
The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.
正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
1. 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
2. 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Mike likes the pop music. (动词用单数第三人称形式)
Lucy has nothing to do today。(do 用原形)
第2个回答  2015-03-24
我的回答:非谓语动词
  在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词

  是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分

  3种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词本回答被网友采纳
第3个回答  2020-03-08
相似回答