定语从句中where和that的用法区别是什么?

如题所述

定语从句中where和that的用法区别:用法不同,成分不同。

一、用法不同:

定语从句的关系代词that的用法:若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。

定语从句的关系副词Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语。

二、成分不同:

where是关系副词,从句中充当状语的成分。that是关系代词,从句中充当主语成分,that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that,不用which。

关系构成

关系从句的句法功能主要是充当定语。在英语中,关系从句通常位于它所修饰的词(组)之后。被关系从句修饰的词(组)叫做先行词(英语:antecedent),引导关系从句的词称为关系词,关系词指代先行词并在关系从句中充当一定的成分。

Thisisthebookwhichinterestsme。(“whichinterestsme”是关系从句,修饰先行词“book”,而关系词“which”指代先行词“book”并在关系子句中充当主语。这句话可以拆分为两个句子来理解:“Thisisthebook。”和“Thebookinterestsme。”)

以上内容参考:百度百科-定语从句

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第1个回答  2023-03-25
 当where 引导定语从句时,Where前有表示地点的先行词,where 引导的从句修饰先行词,Where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语。例如:
  1.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .(2001年上海)
  评析:situation 是先行词,其后是Where引导的定语从句。
  2.This is the place where Luxun once lived .
  评析: the place 是先行词,其后是 where引导的定语从句 ,where 在从句中作地点状语。
定语从句中的that
记得以下只能用that的几种情况:
  1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
  如:We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
  Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事,凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
  2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
  如:You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
  There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
  3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
  如:When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候,我首先 想到的是北京。
  This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
  4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
  如:The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
  This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
  5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
  如: This is the very book that Im looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
  The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
  注意:先行词被the same修饰时,关系代词也可用as。
  如:I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。
  6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
  如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
  7. 当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。
  如:Who that has ever worked together with him doesnt admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?
  Which is the star that is nearer to the earth? 哪个是离地球比较近的星星?
  8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
  如:Thats a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
  Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
  9. 先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间,可用that或when引导,都可省略。
  如:I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
  I didt remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
第2个回答  2023-07-04
定语从句中where是关系副词,它代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语,如:
This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
定语从句中that是关系代词,可代替先行词(人或物)在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语。如:There is nothing that I don't know.
第3个回答  2023-03-02
that在定语从句中作宾语或者主语,而where在从句中作状语(地点状语)。
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