高考英语改错题是考生感到棘手的题型之一。本文着重分析了高考英语改错题的题型特点以及错误类型，旨在帮助考生认清高考英语改错题的题型特点、解题方法及其错误类型，为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。
关键词：高考英语改错题；题型特点；解题方法；错误类型
一、高考英语改错题的题型特点：
高考英语改错题一改传统的单句改错，代之以篇章为单位的短文改错。这不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。
高考英语改错题为一篇短文，十道小题。错误类型的分布情况比较稳定。在十道小题当中，一般需改动5-6处，添加和删除共3-4处，不需改动即正确的为1处。下表为1996-2002年高考英语改错题的错误分布情况：
高考英语改错题的另一显著特点是每小题只需改动或增删一词或一处(正确的小题除外)。
二、正确的解题方法
因为高考英语改错题是以篇章为单位的短文改错，这就要求考生有整体观念。因此，考生应先从头到尾通读全文，在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或添删的内容。找出错误并改正后，还需要再通读全文，从整体上来检查被改正后的短文意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确。
三、错误类型
笔者对1996年以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(1996.86)意为该例句出自1996年高考英语改错题的第86小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)
1、动词时态
从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看，每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
(1)They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a
good time talking and laughing together. had(1996.92)
(2)Dear Bob，
Hello.I learn about you from my English teacher Miss
Fang. learned(1997.86)
(3)My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our
school football team. am(1998.86)
(4)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a
lot time arguing... was(1999.92)
(5)I remembered her words and calm down.
calmed(2000.83)
(6)They did not want me to do any work at home；they want
me to devote all my time to my studies so that...
do(2001.79)
(7)The time passes quickly.Evening came.
passed(2002.82)
2、名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
(1)They were eager to know everything about China and
asked me lots of question. questions(1996.94)
(2)We study quite a few subject，such as
maths，Chinese，English and physics. subjects(1997.91)
(3)We practise three times every week and often watch
football match on TV together. matches(1998.88)
(4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me
success，but... schoolmates(2000.77)
(5)...；they want me to devote all my time to my studies
so that I'll get good marks in
all my subject. subjects(2001.81)
(6)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the
scenery was so beautiful. pictures(2002.82)
3、句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是
否冗缺；2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
(1)They∧eager to know everything about China and asked
me lots of questions.(形容词不能单独
作谓语) were(1996.93)
(2)I'd like to∧your penfriend，and get to know more
about your country. be/become(1997.87)
("I'd like to..."中的"to"为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型)
(3)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.
which(1997.89)
(关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)
(4)What∧your favourite sport？
is(1997.94)
("主系表"结构中缺少连系动词)
(5)I look forward to hear from you soon.
hearing(1997.95)
(此句中"to"为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)
(6)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and
strong but also... Playing(1998.89)
(动词不能作主语)
(7)Also，the sport teaches us the important of
obedience(服从). importance(1998.93)
(形容词"important"不能作动词"teaches"的直接宾语)
(8)I was often a little tired after a day's work and
watch TV demands very little effort.
watching(1999.88)
(同(6)，动词不能作主语)
(9)Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family.
Unfortunately(1999.89)
(作为全句的状语，应该用"Unfortunate"的副词形式)
(10)...but it didn't matter that I would win or not.
whether(2000.78)
(由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句，应由whether引导)
(11)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all
they can∧make sure that I get a good education.
to(2001.78)
(此句中"all they can"为"all that they can do"的省略形式，"to make
sure that..."为动词不
定式短语作目的状语)
(12)...，but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. about(2001.83)
(介词"about"后无宾语，此介词多余)
(13)It was about noon∧we arrived at the foot of the mountain. when(2002.78)
(复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)
4、赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an
American family. time(1996.86)
(2)In fact，they are planning to visit China in next
year. in(1996.95)
(3)First，let me tell you something more about myself.
more(1997.88)
(4)We practise for three times every week and often
watch football match on TV together. for(1998.87)
(5)Now I can't watch much television，but a few years ago
I was used to watch it every night.much(1999.86)
(6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my English
teacher. often(2000.85)
(7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my
head touched the pillow.
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