一段汉译英：关于钢的分类。谢谢了！！有小奖励哟，呵呵

Question

一．碳钢的分类
1.按碳的质量百分数分：低碳钢（C：≤0.25％）
中碳钢（C：0.25％≤ C ≤ 0.6％）
高碳钢（C：＞0.6％）
含碳量越高，硬度、强度越大，但塑性降低
2。按钢的质量分（主要是杂质硫、磷的含量）：
普通碳素钢（S ≤0.055％，P ≤0.045％)
优质碳素钢（S ≤0.040％，P ≤0.040％)
高级优质碳素钢（S ≤0.030％，P ≤0.035％)
3。按用途分：碳素结构钢：主要用于桥梁、船舶、建筑构件、机器零件等
碳素工具钢：主要用于刀具、模具、量具等
二．碳钢的牌号与用途
1.普通碳素结构钢：Q195、 Q215、 Q235、 Q255、 Q275等。
数字表示最低屈服强度。
Q195、 Q215、 Q235塑性好，可轧制成钢板、钢筋、钢管等。
Q255、 Q275可轧制成型钢、钢板等。
2.优质碳素结构钢：钢号以碳的平均质量万分数表示。
如20＃、45＃等。 20＃表示含C：0.20%（万分之20）。
用途：主要用于制造各种机器零件
3.碳素工具钢：钢号以碳的平均质量千分数表示，并在前冠以T。
如T9、T12等。 T9表示含C：0.9%（千分之9）
用途：主要用于制造各种刀具、量具、模具等
4.铸钢：铸钢牌号是在数字前冠以ZG，数字代表钢中平均质量分数（以万分数表示）。如ZG25，表示含C：0.25%。
用途：主要用于制造形状复杂并需要一定强度、塑性和韧性的零件，如齿轮、联轴器等。
二．铁及铁基合金
在碳钢中加入一种或多种合金元素，形成的钢称之为合金钢。
1.合金元素的作用
a。合金元素与铁的作用：合金元素加入钢中，首先溶于铁形成固溶体，超过溶解度极限时与碳形成化合物。合金元素溶与铁，形成合金铁素体或合金奥氏体。合金元素溶于铁素体会使钢的室温强度提高，这种作用称为固溶强化。
b。合金元素与碳的作用：对于与碳的亲和力较弱的合金元素，不与碳发生作用，只溶于铁素体或奥氏体中；对于与碳的亲和力较强的合金元素，当质量分数较低时，与铁一起形成合金渗碳体，当质量分数较高时，形成合金碳化物。

2.合金钢分类
按所含合金元素的多少分：低合金钢（总质量分数低于5％）、中合金钢（总质量分数5％－10％）、高合金钢（总质量分数高于10％）。
按主要合金元素种类分：铬钢、铬镍钢、锰钢、硅锰钢等。
按用途分：结构钢、工具钢、特殊性能钢。
不锈钢：能在大气和一般腐蚀性介质中具有很高耐蚀性的钢种。

用 途：主要用来制造在各种腐蚀性介质中工作并具有较高抗腐蚀能力的零件或结构件。广泛用于石油、化工、原子能、海洋开发、国防和一些先端科学技术领域。
3.合金元素的作用：
a。耐腐蚀性要求越高，碳的质量分数应越低；
b。加入主要的合金元素Cr。Cr能提高基体的电极电位。在氧化性介质中极易钝化，形成致密的氧化膜，提高耐腐蚀性。
c。加入合金元素Ni。可获得单项的奥氏体组织，显著提高耐腐蚀性并改善钢的塑性，通过热处理还可以改善钢的强度。
d。加入合金元素Mo、Cu等：提高钢在非氧化性酸中的耐腐蚀能力。
e。加入合金元素Ti、Nb等：能优先同C形成稳定的碳化物，使Cr保留在基体中，避免晶界贫Cr，提高钢的耐腐蚀性。
f。加入合金元素Mn、N等：部分替代Ni以获得奥氏体组织，并能提高铬不锈钢在有机酸中的耐腐蚀性。
4.铸铁：碳的质量分数大于2.11%的铁碳合金称之为铸铁，通常还含有较多的Si、Mn、S、P
等元素。
用 途：铸铁时工程上最常用的金属材料，广泛应用在机械制造、冶金、矿上、石油化工。交通等领域。例如，铸铁在农业机械中占40－60％，在汽车拖拉机中占50－70％，在机床制造中占60－90％。铸铁的生产设备和工艺简单，价格便宜。
希望最好能人工翻译，软件翻译的会有些出入。或者在软件翻译的基础上，再加些人工的修正也可以。真是谢谢了！！！！！！！！

Answer 1

1. The quality of the carbon percentage points: low-carbon (C: ≤ 0.25%)

In carbon (C: 0.25% ≤ C ≤ 0.6%)

High-carbon (C:> 0.6%)

The higher the carbon content, hardness, the greater intensity, but the plastic lower

2. By the quality of the (mainly impurities sulfur and phosphorus content):

Ordinary carbon steel (S ≤ 0.055%, P ≤ 0.045%)

High-quality carbon steel (S ≤ 0.040%, P ≤ 0.040%)

High quality carbon steel (S ≤ 0.030%, P ≤ 0.035%)

3. According to zoning: carbon steel structure: mainly used for bridges, ships, building components, machinery parts, etc.

Carbon tool steel: mainly used for tools, dies, measuring tools, etc.

2. Grades and the use of carbon steel

1. Ordinary carbon steel structure: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275, and so on.

Figures that the minimum yield strength.

Q195, Q215, Q235 plastic, and can be rolled into steel, steel, steel pipes, and so on.

Q255, Q275 can be rolled into steel, steel, and so on.

2. Structure of high-quality carbon steel: steel, carbon, the average scores of that quality million.

If # 20, # 45, and so on. 20 # that with C: 0.20% (a great 20).

Use: mainly used in the manufacture of various machine parts

3. Carbon tool steel: steel, carbon, the average scores of thousands of quality, and the former called T.

Such as T9, T12, and so on. T9 that with C: 0.9% (per thousand 9)

Use: mainly used in the manufacture of various tools, measuring tool, mold, and so on

4. Cast steel: Steel brand is called before the figures ZG, figures represent an average of mass (000 scores that). If ZG25, said that with C: 0.25%.

Use: mainly used in the manufacture of complex shape and need a certain strength, and toughness of plastic parts such as gears, couplings, and so on.

2. Iron and iron-based alloys

In the carbon steel to add one or more alloying elements, called the formation of the steel alloy steel.

1. Alloying elements of the role of

a. Alloying elements and the role of iron: steel alloy elements to join in, first of all a solution of dissolved iron, more than the limit, with the solubility of carbon compounds formed. Alloying elements and dissolved iron, iron alloy formation of body or austenitic alloy. Alloying elements to experiences dissolved iron-steel strength at room temperature increase, known as the solution to strengthen this role.

b. Carbon and alloy elements of the role: the affinity for carbon and alloy weaker elements, which play a role in carbon and only dissolve in ferrite or Austenite; affinity for carbon and alloy elements stronger, when the quality scores Low, and iron alloy with a cementite, when scores of high quality, a carbide alloy.

2. Alloy steel Category

Alloying elements contained by the number of points: low-alloy steel (total quality scores of less than 5 per cent), steel (the total mass fraction of 5% -10%), high-alloy steel (total quality scores higher than 10 per cent).

By major type of alloying elements: chromium steel, chrome-nickel steel, manganese steel, Silicon-manganese steel.

According to zoning: structural steel, tool steel, special steel performance.

Stainless steel: in the atmosphere and aggressive media in general have high corrosion resistance of steel.

Use: mainly used to manufacture all kinds of corrosion in the medium and work with higher capacity corrosion-resistant parts or pieces of the structure. Widely used in petroleum, chemical, atomic energy, ocean development, national defense, and some tip of science and technology fields.

3. Alloying elements of the role:

a. Corrosion resistance requirements of the higher carbon content should be lower;

b. To join the main alloying elements Cr. Cr matrix can improve the electrode potential. In the medium of vulnerable passivation, a dense oxide film and improve corrosion resistance.

c. Join alloying elements Ni. Will be the single austenitic organizations, significantly improved corrosion resistance and improve the plasticity of steel, through heat treatment can also improve the strength of steel.

d. Join alloying elements Mo, Cu, such as: increase in non-oxidizing steel in acid corrosion resistance.

e. Join alloying elements Ti, Nb, such as: are given priority with the C form a stable carbide, Cr retained in the matrix, to avoid boundary depleted Cr, improving the corrosion resistance of steel.

f. Join alloying elements Mn, N, etc.: to get some alternative Ni austenitic organization, and can increase chromium stainless steel in the organic acid corrosion resistance.

4. Iron: carbon content greater than 2.11 percent of iron alloy called carbon cast iron, usually containing more Si, Mn, S, P

And other elements.

Use: when the iron works on the most commonly used metal material, widely used in machine building, metallurgy, mining, petrochemical industry. Transportation and other fields. For example, the iron in the agricultural machinery accounted for 40-60 percent of the tractors in the car of 50-70 percent in the machine tool manufacturing accounted for 60-90 per cent. Cast iron production equipment and technology is simple and cheaper

Answer 2

1. The quality of the carbon percentage points: low-carbon (C: ≤ 0.25%)

In carbon (C: 0.25% ≤ C ≤ 0.6%)

High-carbon (C:> 0.6%)

The higher the carbon content, hardness, the greater intensity, but the plastic lower

2. By the quality of the (mainly impurities sulfur and phosphorus content):

Ordinary carbon steel (S ≤ 0.055%, P ≤ 0.045%)

High-quality carbon steel (S ≤ 0.040%, P ≤ 0.040%)

High quality carbon steel (S ≤ 0.030%, P ≤ 0.035%)

3. According to zoning: carbon steel structure: mainly used for bridges, ships, building components, machinery parts, etc.

Carbon tool steel: mainly used for tools, dies, measuring tools, etc.

2. Grades and the use of carbon steel

1. Ordinary carbon steel structure: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275, and so on.

Figures that the minimum yield strength.

Q195, Q215, Q235 plastic, and can be rolled into steel, steel, steel pipes, and so on.

Q255, Q275 can be rolled into steel, steel, and so on.

2. Structure of high-quality carbon steel: steel, carbon, the average scores of that quality million.

If # 20, # 45, and so on. 20 # that with C: 0.20% (a great 20).

Use: mainly used in the manufacture of various machine parts

3. Carbon tool steel: steel, carbon, the average scores of thousands of quality, and the former called T.

Such as T9, T12, and so on. T9 that with C: 0.9% (per thousand 9)

Use: mainly used in the manufacture of various tools, measuring tool, mold, and so on

4. Cast steel: Steel brand is called before the figures ZG, figures represent an average of mass (000 scores that). If ZG25, said that with C: 0.25%.

Use: mainly used in the manufacture of complex shape and need a certain strength, and toughness of plastic parts such as gears, couplings, and so on.

2. Iron and iron-based alloys

In the carbon steel to add one or more alloying elements, called the formation of the steel alloy steel.

1. Alloying elements of the role of

a. Alloying elements and the role of iron: steel alloy elements to join in, first of all a solution of dissolved iron, more than the limit, with the solubility of carbon compounds formed. Alloying elements and dissolved iron, iron alloy formation of body or austenitic alloy. Alloying elements to experiences dissolved iron-steel strength at room temperature increase, known as the solution to strengthen this role.

b. Carbon and alloy elements of the role: the affinity for carbon and alloy weaker elements, which play a role in carbon and only dissolve in ferrite or Austenite; affinity for carbon and alloy elements stronger, when the quality scores Low, and iron alloy with a cementite, when scores of high quality, a carbide alloy.

2. Alloy steel Category

Alloying elements contained by the number of points: low-alloy steel (total quality scores of less than 5 per cent), steel (the total mass fraction of 5% -10%), high-alloy steel (total quality scores higher than 10 per cent).

By major type of alloying elements: chromium steel, chrome-nickel steel, manganese steel, Silicon-manganese steel.

According to zoning: structural steel, tool steel, special steel performance.

Stainless steel: in the atmosphere and aggressive media in general have high corrosion resistance of steel.

Use: mainly used to manufacture all kinds of corrosion in the medium and work with higher capacity corrosion-resistant parts or pieces of the structure. Widely used in petroleum, chemical, atomic energy, ocean development, national defense, and some tip of science and technology fields.

3. Alloying elements of the role:

a. Corrosion resistance requirements of the higher carbon content should be lower;

b. To join the main alloying elements Cr. Cr matrix can improve the electrode potential. In the medium of vulnerable passivation, a dense oxide film and improve corrosion resistance.

c. Join alloying elements Ni. Will be the single austenitic organizations, significantly improved corrosion resistance and improve the plasticity of steel, through heat treatment can also improve the strength of steel.

d. Join alloying elements Mo, Cu, such as: increase in non-oxidizing steel in acid corrosion resistance.

e. Join alloying elements Ti, Nb, such as: are given priority with the C form a stable carbide, Cr retained in the matrix, to avoid boundary depleted Cr, improving the corrosion resistance of steel.

f. Join alloying elements Mn, N, etc.: to get some alternative Ni austenitic organization, and can increase chromium stainless steel in the organic acid corrosion resistance.

4. Iron: carbon content greater than 2.11 percent of iron alloy called carbon cast iron, usually containing more Si, Mn, S, P

And other elements.

Use: when the iron works on the most commonly used metal material, widely used in machine building, metallurgy, mining, petrochemical industry. Transportation and other fields. For example, the iron in the agricultural machinery accounted for 40-60 percent of the tractors in the car of 50-70 percent in the machine tool manufacturing accounted for 60-90 per cent. Cast iron production equipment and technology is simple and cheaper prices.