第1个回答 2013-10-21
《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最著名的—部悲剧,它突出地反映了作者的人文主义思想。莎士比亚说过,他的作品就是“给自然照一面镜子,给德行看一看自己的面目,给荒唐看一看自己的姿态,给时代和社会看一看自己的形象和印记”。《哈姆雷特》正是一个时代的缩影。
哈姆雷特是文艺复兴时期人文主义者的理想人物。他是王子,按照传统,是王权的当然继承者。但是,他的美好前途被颠倒了的时代颠倒了。戏一开头,作者就展现了一幅丑恶的社会画面:国家发生宫廷政变,国王被害,阴谋家窃取了王位;王后改嫁;满朝臣子趋炎附势等等。世界仿佛到了末日。于是这个王子喊出了“时代整个儿脱节了”的吼声。人们强烈地感受到这是“时代的灵魂”本身在呼喊。哈姆雷特本是个正直、乐观、有理想的青年,在正常的环境下,他可以成为一位贤明君主;但是现实的社会迫使他不得不装疯卖傻,进行复仇。他是英国那个特定的动荡不安时代的产物。
在《哈姆雷特》这部戏剧中,处处可以看出作者着意把自己心目中的典型人物塑造成一个英雄形象的匠心:哈姆雷特很有心计,在敌强我弱的恶劣情况下,他敢于针锋相对地进行斗争,他击破了奸王设下的—个个圈套:先是戳穿了波洛涅斯和罗森克兰等人进行刺探和监视的把戏;又使王后发现天良;接着采用“调包计”除掉了奸王的两个走卒,把奸王“借刀杀人”的阴谋击得粉碎;最后“以其人之道还治其人之身”,把双重陷阱——毒剑和毒酒还给了奸王。在每一回合的斗争中,哈姆雷特都显得形象高大。所以有评论说,《哈姆雷特》是一出“巨人型”的悲剧,此话不无道理。
但哈姆雷特决非“完人”。他虽然善于思索,却优柔寡断;他虽然受到人民的爱戴,却并不相信人民。他说:“时代变得越发不像样子,—个农民的脚趾竟然这么靠近一个朝臣的脚后跟,擦伤了后者的冻疮。”可见哈姆雷特的社会改革与农民所要求的变革相距甚远。尽管哈姆雷特有令人钦佩的才能,竭力想除旧布新,但他总是郁郁不乐,迟疑不决,他始终是孤立的。这就注定了他与丑恶同归于尽的悲惨命运。
《哈姆雷特》描写人物心理的语言十分丰富,这在莎士比亚所有悲剧中也是十分突出的。如哈姆雷特的性格大部分是以“疯话”表达出来的,他的“满口荒唐言”就像迸发出来的火花。克劳迪斯阴阳怪气的语言则照映出了他口蜜腹剑的丑态。波洛涅斯爱用诗体语言,给人以滑稽可笑的印象。
总之,《哈姆雷特》是一出人文主义思想家的悲剧,是欧洲文艺复兴土壤里长出来的一朵长开不败的艺术之花,直至今天,还在散发出它所特有的馨香
第2个回答 2013-10-21
Hamlet has fascinated audiences and readers for centuries, and the first thing to point out about him is that he is enigmatic. There is always more to him than the other characters in the play can figure out; even the most careful and clever readers come away with the sense that they don’t know everything there is to know about this character. Hamlet actually tells other characters that there is more to him than meets the eye—notably, his mother, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern—but his fascination involves much more than this. When he speaks, he sounds as if there’s something important he’s not saying, maybe something even he is not aware of. The ability to write soliloquies and dialogues that create this effect is one of Shakespeare’s most impressive achievements.
A university student whose studies are interrupted by his father’s death, Hamlet is extremely philosophical and contemplative. He is particularly drawn to difficult questions or questions that cannot be answered with any certainty. Faced with evidence that his uncle murdered his father, evidence that any other character in a play would believe, Hamlet becomes obsessed with proving his uncle’s guilt before trying to act. The standard of “beyond a reasonable doubt” is simply unacceptable to him. He is equally plagued with questions about the afterlife, about the wisdom of suicide, about what happens to bodies after they die—the list is extensive.
But even though he is thoughtful to the point of obsession, Hamlet also behaves rashly and impulsively. When he does act, it is with surprising swiftness and little or no premeditation, as when he stabs Polonius through a curtain without even checking to see who he is. He seems to step very easily into the role of a madman, behaving erratically and upsetting the other characters with his wild speech and pointed innuendos.
It is also important to note that Hamlet is extremely melancholy and discontented with the state of affairs in Denmark and in his own family—indeed, in the world at large. He is extremely disappointed with his mother for marrying his uncle so quickly, and he repudiates Ophelia, a woman he once claimed to love, in the harshest terms. His words often indicate his disgust with and distrust of women in general. At a number of points in the play, he contemplates his own death and even the option of suicide.
But, despite all of the things with which Hamlet professes dissatisfaction, it is remarkable that the prince and heir apparent of Denmark should think about these problems only in personal and philosophical terms. He spends relatively little time thinking about the threats to Denmark’s national security from without or the threats to its stability from within (some of which he helps to create through his own carelessness).
第3个回答 推荐于2018-03-13
Some experts think Hamlet's soliloquy "To be,or not to be..." shows Hamlet was thinking about the advantages and disadvantages of committing suicide. Analyzing the soliloquy itself and the whole play,this essay will prove this famous soliloquy was discussing the matter of life and death.本回答被网友采纳