第1个回答 2022-09-01
一、现在分词
现在分词由动词加ing构成.
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语.
一、现在分词的两个基本特点.
1.在时间上表示动作正在进行.例如:a developing country.一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳.(试比较:a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳)
2.在语态上表示主动.例如:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级.(试比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级)
二、掌握现在分词的基本功能.
1.现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句.例如:
① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.
③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech.
2.现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性.例如:
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
② European football is played in more than 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.
③Seeing from the top of the hill,we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
3.现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.例如:
① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.
② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
4.现在分词的独立主格结构作状语.例如:
① With his lips still trembling,he couldn't say a word.
②“ Mama!” he cried suddenly,tears rolling down his cheeks.“妈妈!”他突然哭着喊,泪水从他的脸上流下来.(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语.)
③ Weather permitting,we'll go to the Great wall.如果天气允许的话,我们就去长城.(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语.)
区别:
动名词和现在分词都是由v+ing构成,在句中都能作表语和定语,而且都保留着动词的一些特征,有其完成式和被动态.那么v+ing形式到底是现在分词还是动名词呢?下面有五种区别方法:
(1)如果v+ing形式与被修饰名词逻辑上是主谓关系,就是现在分词,它相当于定语从句;如果逻辑上没有主谓关系,则是动名词,它可以用介词for加上这个动名词来代替,该介词短语应放在被修饰名词之后.例如:
1)a moving blackboard正在移动的黑板(moving:现在分词,a moving blackboard=a blackboard which is moving)
2)a walking tractor手扶拖拉机(walking:现在分词,awalking tractor=a tractor which is walking)
(2)如果v+ing形式是说明主语怎么样,表示的是主语的形状、特征的是现在分词,现在分词起着形容词和副词的作用,在句中作宾补和状语,一般用how提问,后不带宾语,但可用very,so,quite等词修饰,也可用more和most分别构成比较级和最高级.如果v+ing形式是说明主语是什么,即主语的具体内容,强调主语的行为、功能和用途的则为动名词.动名词起着名词的作用,在句中作主语和宾语,一般用what提问,也可用状语来修饰,但不能用程度副词very,much等修饰.例如:
1)The news is very exciting.(exciting:现在分词)
2)Laying eggs is her full-time job.(laying:动名词)
(3)动名词作表语,和主语间可以划等号,甚至可以交换位置.如上述例句2)可改写成:Her full-time job is layingeggs.而现在分词充当表语,不能同主语划等号,因此不能同主语换位置.例句1)不能改写成:Exciting is the news.
(4)v+ing前有冠词、物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词的是动名词;用来构成复合形容词的v+ing形式和独立主格结构中所用的v+ing形式的是现在分词.例如:
1)His coming was unexpected.(coming:动名词)
2)The Chinese are brave and hard-working.(working:现在分词)
(5)朗读时,如果v+ing形式与它修饰的名词均有句子重音的为现在分词;如果v+ing有句子重音,被它修饰的名词没有句子重音的则为动名词.
详细的可以看这里: