非限定性动词的基本信息

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

英语动词有限定（finite）和非限定（non-finite）两类。
句子中的谓语动词（predicative verb）是限定的；限定动词受人称（person）和数目（number）的限制。此外，还有时态（tense ）、语态（voice）和情态（mood）等。例如：
① Good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly.
② Jason is giving a public lecture.
③ Who did it?
④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.
⑥ Helen has a smiling face.
⑦ Your written English is good.
⑧ Smoking is harmful to health.
⑥里的是现在分词；⑦里的是过去分词； ⑧里的是动名词。
非限定动词及其短语，语法功能庞大，涉及下列五方面：
一 当主语
动名词可当句子的主语，取代名词和代名词。例如：
⑨ Swimming makes us hale and hearty.
二 当补足语
可当主语的句子成分也可当补足语。例如：
● A good government's desire is serving the people.
● What is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely.
同样的，现在分词与过去分词也可充当接系动词（the linking verb）的补足语。例如：
● The witness's evidence is quite convincing.
● At long last, John was fully convinced.
三 当宾语
动名词可充当及物动词的宾语。例如：
● Janet suddenly stopped talking.
它们也可以成为介词的宾语，但除了“except, but, about, than”之外，介词的宾语多数是动名词。