According to Erikson (1953), achievement versus confusion of identity is the fifth
developmental crisis that individuals normally encounter along with development (Erikson
1953). Identity crisis does not necessarily begin or end with adolescence. Adolescence,
however, is the period at which, for the first time, physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional
developmental changes. Consequently, the issue of how to define oneself (i.e. identity
importance) and the perspective of continuity for future development (i.e. identity firmness)
may be laden with special personal meaning for adolescents. Moreover, the rapidly
developing capacities of different aspects and the experience of in-depth awareness of the
self may all contribute to adolescent HRQOL.